Hierarchy of Evidence Quiz

What is the purpose of randomization in a Randomized Control Trial (RCT)?

• To ensure comparability between the study and control

• To remove bias during data analysis

• To select only specific subjects for the study

• To increase the number of participants

What is the main difference between a systematic review and a meta-analysis?

• Meta-analyses include only randomized control trials, while systematic reviews include cohort studies

• Systematic reviews analyze all published evidence, while meta-analyses provide a quantitative assessment

• Meta-analyses are conducted by a single researcher, while systematic reviews involve a team

• Systematic reviews focus on qualitative data, while meta-analyses focus on quantitative data

What is the highest level of evidence obtained from research studies?

• Case reports/series

• Cohort studies

• Case control studies

• Systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis

What is the purpose of blinding in a Randomized Control Trial (RCT)?

• To prevent bias

• To increase the number of participants

• To ensure comparability between groups

• To select specific subjects for the study

What is the main strength of a cohort study?

• It is conducted in a controlled laboratory setting

• There is a time sequence between exposure and the occurrence of disease

• It involves a large number of participants

• It focuses on rare diseases only

What is the purpose of a case report in medical research?

• To conduct a large-scale clinical trial

• To compare different interventions

• To provide a detailed report of an individual patient's diagnosis and treatment

• To analyze data from multiple studies

According to the Oxford System, which type of study is highly recommended?

• Systematic review of meta-analysis

• Cohort study

• Cross-sectional study

• Case control study

What is the main goal of a meta-analysis?

• To analyze data from a single study

• To select only specific studies for review

• To conduct a qualitative analysis of research data

• To provide a quantitative assessment of all included literature

What is the main difference between a case report and a case series?

• A case report is conducted in a laboratory setting, while a case series is conducted in a clinical setting

• A case series includes only rare diseases, while a case report includes common diseases

• A case report focuses on an individual patient, while a case series involves a group of patients

• A case series involves a single patient, while a case report involves multiple patients

What is the level of evidence if a study is a cross-sectional study according to the Oxford System?

• Not recommended

• Highly recommended

• Recommended

• Recommended with reservation