Control of Breathing

The dorsal respiratory group is mainly involved in which phase of breathing?

• Inspiration

• Expiration

• Both Inspiration and Expiration

• Neither

Which nerve transmits signals from peripheral chemoreceptors to the respiratory center?

• Phrenic nerve

• Vagus nerve

• Glossopharyngeal nerve

• Hypoglossal nerve

Which condition is defined by the PO2 falling below 100mmHg?

• Hypoxia

• Hypercapnia

• Respiratory acidosis

• Respiratory alkalosis

During which sleep stage does breathing become very irregular?

• NREM

• REM

• Stage 1

• Stage 2

What is the effect of increased CO2 levels on the chemosensitive area?

• No effect

• Directly stimulates

• Indirectly increases hydrogen ions

• Decreases hydrogen ions

How do the kidneys compensate for respiratory acidosis?

• Excreting more HCO3-

• Reabsorbing more CO2

• Excreting more acid

• Increasing H+ levels

Which respiratory group is totally inactive during normal quiet breathing?

• Dorsal Respiratory Group

• Ventral Respiratory Group

• Pre-Botzinger complex

• Pneumotaxic Center

Where are peripheral chemoreceptors mainly located?

• Aorta and Carotid arteries

• Medulla

• Pons

• Hypothalamus

What triggers the peripheral chemoreceptors during hypoxia?

• High CO2 levels

• Low O2 levels

• High H+ levels

• Low blood pH

Which neurons are involved in sending signals to the respiratory muscles during inspiration?

• Phrenic motor neurons

• External intercostal motor neurons

• Both A and B

• Internal intercostal motor neurons