A population of seals live along the rocky shores of the northern coast of California. The seals hunt and eat fish that they catch in the water. As the population increases in size, which of these events becomes more likely to occur?

Competition for food acts to slow the growth rate of the population.

The seal population expands onto land, and the growth rate continues to increase.

A severe storm or a tidal wave acts to reduce the seal population by 25 percent.

Infectious diseases stop spreading through the population as the seals develop resistance to them.

Mary is arguing that sea otters are a keystone species in the coastal ecosystem where they live. Which of the following statements provides the strongest evidence for Mary's argument?

Many other species depend either directly or indirectly on the sea otter population.

The sea otters are the largest population of mammals in the ecosystem.

Unlike other ecosystem members, sea otters spend time both in the water and on land.

The sea otter population increases or decreases with population changes of its food source.

Jorge is studying a pond ecosystem in his neighborhood. The pond is home to a variety of plant and animal species, as well as a stop for birds that migrate through the region. One summer, heavy rains wash an unusual amount of fertilizer into the pond. Jorge observes the algae population growing rapidly, and quickly algae cover the pond's surface. Several weeks later, many fish and other animals die in the pond. However, within two years, the algae population has returned to its previous size, as have the populations of all the ecosystem members.

The pond ecosystem is resilient to changes in many abiotic and biotic factors.

The pond ecosystem has very high biodiversity that protects it from invasive species.

The pond ecosystem can withstand only certain levels of algal growth.

The pond ecosystem may change over time, but its species will continue living there indefinitely.

One week, Stan buys a dozen carrots from the supermarket. The next week, he buys a dozen carrots that were raised by a local farmer. Stan concludes that his second purchase caused the lesser increase in his ecological footprint. Which statement, if true, supports this conclusion? Assume that the size of the carrots is the same in both purchases.

The carrots from the supermarket were raised thousands of miles away.

The carrots from the supermarket had a higher purchase price.

The carrots from the local farmer had a higher purchase price.

The carrots from the local farmer were harvested very recently.

Scientists cite evidence that ocean acidification is the result of human activities. Which is part of the mechanism that is causing ocean water to become more acidic, and seems likely to continue doing so in the future?

Carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is diffusing into the oceans and reacting with the water to form acids.

Particles from coal combustion are settling in the ocean and releasing acids into the water.

Polluted runoff from the land contains acids that are mixing into ocean water.

Underground fossil fuel deposits are leaking into the ocean, where they react with the water to form acids.

A cell can be identified based on the structures present in the cell. What structure is common to prokaryotes, plant cells, and animal cells?

a cell membrane that surrounds the cell

a cell wall that surrounds the cell

ribosomes contained in endoplasmic reticulum

A membrane separates a concentrated glucose solution from a dilute glucose solution. The membrane is permeable to water, but not glucose. Will the water move across the membrane by osmosis?

Yes. Water moves from the dilute solution to the concentrated solution.

Yes. Water moves from the concentrated solution to the dilute solution.

Yes. Water might move in either direction across the membrane, depending on the temperature of the water.

No. Dissolved glucose does not affect osmotic pressure.

A common chemical reaction in cells is to add a phosphate group to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to form adenosine triphosphate (ATP). What purpose does this reaction serve?

storing energy for later use by the cell

releasing energy for use by the cell

transferring phosphate groups for assembly into proteins

transferring phosphate groups for assembly into glucose

The diagram shows a model of photosynthesis. The left half and right half of the diagram model which stages of photosynthesis?

the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions

the light-sensitive reactions and the cellular respiration reactions

the gas-dependent reactions and the liquid-dependent reactions

the thylakoid reactions and the stroma reactions

Maxwell is evaluating the chemical equation shown below. Which statement is most useful for Maxwell to include in his evaluation?

The equation describes the process of cellular respiration that occurs in many organisms when oxygen is available.

The equation describes the process of photosynthesis that occurs in plants and green algae when light is present.

The equation describes both the processes of cellular respiration and fermentation, both of which occur in all organisms.

The equation describes both the processes of cellular respiration and photosynthesis, one of which occurs in all organisms.

Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes use DNA to control cell activities and carry genetic information. Which is a property only of eukaryotic DNA, and not prokaryotic DNA?

The DNA is contained on many chromosomes that are separated during mitosis.

The DNA contains genes, or coding regions, that direct protein synthesis.

DNA is made of nitrogenous bases that pair together according to Chargaff's rules.

The DNA forms a circular molecule in the cytoplasm and is replicated with only one replication fork.

Cancer is a disease in which cells divide rapidly and improperly. Which of the following events is often the cause of cancer?

A mutation changes the regulation of the cell cycle in certain cells or tissues.

The immune system begins to attack normal, healthy cells of the body.

Homeostasis fails in the blood, allowing acid levels to increase above normal tolerances.

A nondisjunction error occurs during meiosis, causing cells to appear with an abnormal number of chromosomes.

Gregor Mendel used the model of dominant and recessive forms of factors, or genes, to explain the results of his experiments on pea plants. For example, he proposed that tall plant height (T) was dominant over short height (t). In one of Mendel's experiments, a cross between two tall plants produced both tall and short offspring in a 3:1 ratio. Which conclusion about the parent plants is supported by Mendel's model?

Both parent plants were heterozygous (Tt) for height.

Both parent plants were homozygous tall (TT).

One parent plant was homozygous tall (TT), and the other parent was homozygous short (tt).

One parent plant was homozygous tall (TT), and the other parent was heterozygous (Tt) for height.

The diagram shows an example of anaphase, which is a stage of mitosis, as well as anaphase I, which is a stage of meiosis. Note that the diagram for anaphase I shows two pairs of homologous chromosomes, and that the chromosomes appear to align in two rows. Which feature of anaphase I is determined randomly, meaning that it could occur normally in other ways than the diagram shows?

the positions or orientations of each pair of homologous chromosomes

the stages of meiosis that occur before and after anaphase I

the percentage of the cell's chromosomes that take part in anaphase I

the number of rows that the chromosomes form

In multicellular organisms, a cell may make a duplicate copy of all its DNA. Soon after this copying, which of these events is most likely to occur?

The cell divides to form two new cells.

The cell shrinks, and eventually dies.

The cell becomes very active and produces new proteins.

The cell destroys its original copy of DNA, which likely contains errors.

During the process of DNA replication, the two strands of DNA separate at a replication fork. Which of these events occurs to the separated strands?

Each strand serves as a template to synthesize a new strand.

Each strand is broken apart and reassembled into a new DNA molecule.

One strand serves as a template to synthesize a new strand, and the other strand is changed into mRNA.

One strand serves as a template to synthesize a new strand, and the other strand is destroyed.

What best describes the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in protein synthesis?

tRNA carries amino acids and helps assemble them as directed by mRNA.

tRNA edits mRNA to remove introns and join exons.

tRNA acts as an enzyme to transcribe mRNA from DNA.

tRNA carries a message from DNA to the ribosomes, where translation occurs.

During DNA replication, one instance of the nucleotide cytosine (C) is replaced by thymine (T). Will this change affect the function of the organism?

Maybe. Even if the nucleotide is part of a sequence that codes for a protein, the substitution might have no effect.

Yes. DNA contains genetic information, and every nucleotide is significant.

Yes. DNA serves as a template for protein synthesis, so the change will affect the protein.

No. DNA is a huge molecule, so a substitution of only one nucleotide cannot affect its function.

Certain genetic disorders are controlled by a recessive allele on the X chromosome. Which gender, if any, is more likely to inherit this type of disorder?

males, because they need only one copy of the allele to express the disorder

females, because they could receive the allele from either parent

females, because they need only one copy of the allele to express the disorder

neither gender, because the allele is equally likely in both genders

Francine is studying the karyotype of a human subject in a medical study. She observes that the karyotype shows three copies of chromosome 21. All of the other chromosomes have two copies. Which conclusion about the subject is supported by Francine's observations?

The subject has a genetic disorder caused by a nondisjunction error during meiosis.

The subject has a genetic disorder caused by a point mutation during mitosis.

The subject may have a genetic disorder if the mutation occurred late enough in development to avoid correction.

The subject does not have a genetic disorder, because an extra copy of a chromosome causes no harmful effects.

Scientists, government leaders, and consumers have expressed a variety of opinions about the pros and cons of genetically modified (GM) farm crops. Which statement provides the strongest evidence in support of an argument in favor of GM crops?

Many GM crops make their own herbicide or pesticide, reducing the need for widespread spraying of herbicides and pesticides on farm fields.

Many experts think that the transfer of genes among non-human species is an ethical practice.

In taste tests, consumers cannot distinguish foods produced by GM crops from equivalent traditional crops.

Many GM crops were developed by transferring genes from bacteria, a process that would not occur naturally.

With biotechnology, scientists are able to transfer the gene from one organism, such as a plant or animal, into the genome of other organisms, such as bacteria. The result is recombinant DNA, which is DNA that originated from two separate sources. What does recombinant DNA allow scientists to accomplish?

alter species to produce proteins that they would never produce naturally

change the number of chromosomes per cell of a species

change the genetic code to produce proteins that would never form naturally

form new species that receive about half of their genes from each of two parent species

To develop his theory of evolution, Charles Darwin analyzed observations made from his round-the-world journey on the ship HMS Beagle. Why was the ship's stop on the Galapagos Islands especially important to Darwin's thinking?

Darwin observed unique island species that were similar, yet different, from one another and from species on the mainland.

Darwin observed species that were identical to species on the mainland, yet were more common on some islands than other islands.

Darwin introduced species from England to the islands, and he observed the species thrive in their new homes.

Darwin observed island species that were identical to species on islands off the coast of England.

The diagram shows the evolutionary descent of four animals from a common ancestor. The forelimb of each animal is also shown. Are the forelimbs an example of homologous structures or analogous structures?

homologous structures, because each of the structures evolved from the same body part of a common ancestor

analogous structures, because the structures serve a variety of functions in the animals

analogous structures, because the structures share a common evolutionary lineage

homologous structures, because their common ancestor lacked the structural features that they share

A scientist is investigating the mutation rates of two species of reptiles. The data from the investigation would be most useful for comparing which of the following properties of the reptiles?

their genetic diversity, because mutations generally increase this diversity

their reproductive rate, because most mutations are lethal to developing embryos

their physical traits, such as body shape, because most mutations alter these traits

their behavior, such as feeding or mating, because most mutations alter senses or brain function

A population of a frog species is introduced to an island in a tropical rain forest biome. Most of the frogs are brown, but some individuals are various shades of green and red. In their new home, green color provides camouflage, red color warns predators to stay away, while brown color provides few if any advantages. How will body color in the frog population change over many generations? Select the prediction that is best supported by the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection.

Many of the frogs will be green and many other frogs will be red, while fewer frogs will be brown, because green and red colors are adaptations in the environment.

Most of the frogs will be either green or red, because evolution always occurs in a pattern of directional selection.

Most of the frogs will remain brown, because evolution always occurs in a pattern of stabilizing selection.

Nearly all of the frogs will show mixtures or blends of all three colors, because evolution generally occurs in a pattern of stabilizing selection.

Clams, octopuses, and snails are classified together in the same phylum, which is the phylum Mollusca. Are these animal groups also classified together in one kingdom?

Yes. All phylum members are classified together in the same kingdom.

No. Every phylum member is classified into a different kingdom.

Maybe. Some but not all phylum members are classified in the same kingdom.

Maybe. Kingdom and phylum are separate and unrelated taxa.

The diagram is a cladogram that shows evolutionary relationships among several animal species. Consider the clade that contains the lizard and wallaby, but not the other animals listed in the diagram. What properties are common to all of the members of this clade?

Clade members develop from an amniotic egg, and may or may not use mammary glands to feed their young.

Clade members develop from an amniotic egg, but do not use mammary glands to feed their young.

Clade members have four limbs, and may or may not develop from an amniotic egg.

Clade members physically resemble either lizards or wallabies, and may or may not resemble other animals.

Scientists hypothesize that early in Earth's history, inorganic gases in the atmosphere could have reacted with one another to form amino acids and other simple organic compounds. Is this hypothesis supported by evidence?

Yes. The Miller-Urey experiment and similar experiments show that these reactions might have occurred.

No. Scientists have tried, but failed, to re-create the chemical reactions that would have needed to occur.

Yes. Scientists have observed similar chemical reactions occurring in the atmospheres of Mars, Venus, and other planets.

No. Scientists have not observed these reactions occurring in the atmosphere of Earth or another planet.

For much of their early history, mammals were relatively small, not diverse, and not numerous. Then circumstances changed, leading to the large populations and great diversity of mammal species today. Which was the most significant cause of the adaptive radiation that the mammals experienced?

A mass extinction killed all of the dinosaurs and many other species, opening new niches for the surviving mammals.

Earth's climate became warmer, allowing for greater plant productivity.

Volcanic eruptions increased in frequency, adding more carbon dioxide to Earth's atmosphere.

Several islands began separating from the mainland, providing the geographic isolation needed for new species to evolve.

During a viral infection, a large number of identical copies of a virus may be present in the body of a host organism. How are these copies produced?

Viruses inject DNA or RNA into the host cells, which eventually produce more viruses.

Viruses duplicate themselves by binary fission.

Viruses assemble the copies from materials released by the host cells

Viruses inject protein and DNA into the host cells, which transform the cells into viruses.

Hiram is using a powerful microscope to study a culture of single-celled organisms. Which observation would provide the strongest evidence that the organisms are protists, and not bacteria?

Each cell has a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

Each cell is surrounded by a cell wall.

The cells gather together in chains or clusters.

Each cell has a flagellum, which functions like a small tail.

The diagram shows the structure of a flower. Could the flower remain functional if its filaments and anthers were removed?

Yes. A bird or insect could transfer pollen from another plant to the stigma.

Yes. A bird or insect could gather pollen from the stigma, and then transfer it to another flower.

No. The flower needs both its male and female structures for seeds to form and develop.

No. Although the male structures are optional, the flower needs its female structures for seeds to form.

In many flowering plants, seeds are surrounded by large, fleshy fruits. What advantage do these types of fruits provide the plant?

The fruits attract animals, which disperse the seeds.

The fruits provide food for the developing embryos in the seeds.

The fruits generally are poisonous, which keep animals from eating the seeds.

The fruits keep the seeds warm, allowing them to germinate and grow.

Plant stems and roots may grow longer, which is called primary growth, as well as wider, which is called secondary growth. What property do the two types of plant growth have in common?

Both are caused by cell division and differentiation in meristematic tissue.

Both are caused by cell division, without differentiation, in ground tissue.

Both involve the build-up of dead or nonliving material in the cork cambium.

Both result from direct interactions between cork cambium and vascular cambium.

Vera is investigating the timing of events in plants, such as flowering, seed formation, and the dropping of leaves. Which plant structure or chemical component would be most useful for her to study?

hormones, which are chemical messengers between cells or tissues

ground tissue, which acts like the nervous system of a plant

waxy cuticles, which are in direct contact with the plant's environment

chloroplasts, which are the organelles where photosynthesis occurs

The cladogram shown here describes evolutionary relationships among several vertebrate lineages. Each of the 5 labeled dots represents a derived character for a lineage. The cladogram also includes the names of 6 animal groups alive today. The cladogram provides evidence for which conclusion about the amniotic egg?

In vertebrate evolution, the amniotic egg evolved after the trait of four limbs, but before mammary glands.

The amniotic egg was used by the most recent common ancestor of salamanders and lizards.

The amniotic egg is more important in lizards than in wallabies, but used by both.

Among vertebrates alive today, more species develop from amniotic eggs than from simpler types of eggs.

Examples of social behaviors in animals include marking a tree to defend territory, singing a song to attract a mate, and cooperating with species members to find food or complete other tasks. Are these behaviors examples of adaptations that evolved through natural selection?

Yes. Like other adaptations, they are inheritable, selected by the organism's environment, and influenced or controlled by genes.

Yes. Like other adaptations, they help organisms survive and remain fixed and unchangeable.

No. Adaptations are structural features that help individuals survive, and do not include behaviors such as communication.

No. Behaviors are always learned, and not inherited, so they are not classified as adaptations.

A physician obtains a tissue sample from the small intestine of a patient. The sample shows a large number of bacteria along with human cells. Which statement provides accurate information that helps the physician evaluate these findings?

Many bacteria are useful in the small intestine because they help digest food.

Bacteria are always harmful in the human body because they invade healthy tissues.

Bacteria are usually harmful in the small intestine because they take food away from the body.

Many bacteria are useful in the small intestine because, like food, they are broken apart into nutrients.

Among the organ systems of the human body are the circulatory, respiratory, nervous, muscular, digestive, exocrine, and endocrine systems. Which of these systems is involved in homeostasis?

all of the systems, because homeostasis involves many interactions to maintain constant conditions throughout the body

only the circulatory system, because homeostasis involves constant conditions in the blood

only the circulatory and respiratory systems, because homeostasis involves constant conditions of blood gases

only the endocrine system, because homeostasis depends completely on hormones

Scientists and physicians have developed vaccines against a variety of infectious diseases. How does administering a vaccine protect the body from an infection?

The vaccine stimulates cells of the immune system to produce antibodies against a specific pathogen.

The vaccine stimulates the bone marrow to release more immune system cells, which attack and remove pathogens.

The vaccine stimulates cells of the immune system to produce antibodies against a wide variety of pathogens.

The vaccine acts like cells of the immune system by attacking a specific pathogen.

Florida Biology EOC Practice Test

Authored by James Lafollette

Science

9th - 12th Grade

NGSS covered

Used 287+ times

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49 questions

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

Nathan is comparing the cells from a species of amoeba with a species of bacteria. Both species are unicellular, meaning individuals exist as a single cell.
Which characteristic of the cells should Nathan expect to be the same in both species?

the size and shape of the cell

the method of reproduction, or making more cells of the species.

the organization of DNA into structures such as chromosomes and the cell nucleus

the genetic code that is used by DNA and RNA to direct protein synthesis

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-1

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

Water has a variety of unique properties, including a low melting point, ability to dissolve other substances, and strong adhesion and cohesion. Which statement is MOST useful for explaining the unique properties of water?

Water molecules are nonpolar, so a very minimal electrical force attracts them to one another.

Water molecules may sometimes gain or lose an oxygen atom to become ions, which are held together by ionic bonds.

Water molecules are held together by hydrogen bonds, which are attractive forces stronger than ionic bonds.

Water molecules are held together by hydrogen bonds, which are attractive forces weaker than covalent bonds.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-1

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

What is shown by the arrow labeled "Activation energy"?

the energy released by the reaction

the energy absorbed by the reaction

the input of energy needed for the reaction to begin

the sum of the energies of the reactants and products

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

Which event is occurring because of increasing carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere?

an increase in the greenhouse effect

a decrease in oxygen levels in the atmosphere

a decrease in the thickness and size of the ozone layer

an increase in the amount of sunlight that reaches Earth's surface

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS3-5

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

Simon is comparing the communities of living things that live in two bodies of water: a long river, and the ocean bay just beyond the mouth of the river. Comparing which of these abiotic factors would be most useful for Simon to explain the differences in the communities? Assume that the water is unaffected by pollution.

the salinity of the water

the volume of water in each ecosystem

the rate of evaporation of the water

the sediments that are deposited on the river bottom or ocean floor

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS2-1

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

Which process occurs only in autotrophs, and never in heterotrophs?

protein synthesis

food digestion

cellular respiration

photosynthesis

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-6

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

The carbon cycle involves a variety of processes that transfer carbon among Earth systems. Many of these processes also transfer which other element?

oxygen, which bonds with carbon in carbon dioxide

nitrogen, which bonds with carbon in amino acids

phosphorus, which bonds with carbon in DNA

chlorine, which bonds with carbon in a variety of compounds

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

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Florida Biology EOC Practice Test

Nathan is comparing the cells from a species of amoeba with a species of bacteria. Both species are unicellular, meaning individuals exist as a single cell.Which characteristic of the cells should Nathan expect to be the same in both species?

Water has a variety of unique properties, including a low melting point, ability to dissolve other substances, and strong adhesion and cohesion. Which statement is MOST useful for explaining the unique properties of water?

What is shown by the arrow labeled "Activation energy"?

Which event is occurring because of increasing carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere?

Which process occurs only in autotrophs, and never in heterotrophs?

The carbon cycle involves a variety of processes that transfer carbon among Earth systems. Many of these processes also transfer which other element?

A population of seals live along the rocky shores of the northern coast of California. The seals hunt and eat fish that they catch in the water. As the population increases in size, which of these events becomes more likely to occur?

Mary is arguing that sea otters are a keystone species in the coastal ecosystem where they live. Which of the following statements provides the strongest evidence for Mary's argument?

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Nathan is comparing the cells from a species of amoeba with a species of bacteria. Both species are unicellular, meaning individuals exist as a single cell.
Which characteristic of the cells should Nathan expect to be the same in both species?