Data Analytics Week 6

What is the primary function of the backpropagation algorithm in training a neural network?

• To initialize the weights of the neural network randomly.

• To calculate the activations of the hidden nodes and output nodes.

• To adjust the weights of the network by propagating the error backward through the layers.

• To select the activation function used in the neural network.

How are the activations of the hidden nodes in a neural network calculated?

• By using the backpropagation algorithm to update the weights.

• By applying the activation function to the weighted sum of the inputs to the hidden layer.

• By directly comparing the predicted output with the actual output.

• By propagating errors from the output layer to the input layer.

What distinguishes deep learning from other types of neural network training?

• The use of shallow networks with only one or two layers.

• The implementation of backpropagation for weight adjustment.

• The utilization of neural networks with many layers and large data sets.

• The application of neural networks exclusively to healthcare data.

According to Chapter 17 of the course textbook, how is data mining currently defined?

• As the step of identifying novel patterns in data within the KDD process.

• As the entire process of knowledge discovery from large amounts of data.

• As the evaluation step in the CRISP-DM framework.

• As the deployment of models in the data mining process.

Which of the following steps is NOT part of the CRISP-DM framework as described in Chapter 17 of the course textbook?

• Problem understanding

• Data understanding

• Data visualization

• Deployment

What is the initial step to create a pivot table in Microsoft Excel based on Chapter 17 of the course textbook?

• Select the Home menu and then click on the Pivot Table icon.

• Select the Insert menu and then click on the Pivot Table icon.

• Select the Data menu and then click on the Pivot Table icon.

• Select the View menu and then click on the Pivot Table icon.

How do you change the pivot table to display the average of the measures instead of the count?

• Right-click on the pivot table and select "Change Field Settings."

• Select the drop-down menu in the Rows pane and choose Value Field Settings.

• Select the drop-down menu in the Values pane and choose Value Field Settings.

• Click on the Data menu and select "Summarize Values By Average."

In R, what does the colnames function do?

• It returns the number of columns in a data frame.

• It merges two data frames by columns.

• It sets or retrieves the column names of a data frame.

• It returns the number of rows in a data frame.

Which R function would you use to find out the number of rows in a data frame?

• colnames

• nrow

• merge

• length

How does the merge function in R operate by default?

• It merges two data frames by their row numbers.

• It merges two data frames by the common columns.

• It merges two data frames by appending one to the other.

• It merges two data frames by removing duplicate columns.