Psychological Perspectives on Crime

What was the criminal rate similarity among non-identical males according to Christiansen (1977)?

• 36%

• 25%

• 12%

• 15%

What has recent research in nutrition focused on?

• The impact of nutrition on physical health

• The impact of nutrition on behaviour and criminal behaviour

• The impact of nutrition on economic status

• The impact of nutrition on educational outcomes

Which study provided evidence for social learning theory?

• The Little Albert experiment

• The Stanford prison experiment

• The Bobo doll study

• The Milgram experiment

What does self-reinforcement involve according to social learning theory?

• Taking pleasure from one's actions

• Receiving rewards from others

• Avoiding punishments

• Following societal norms

What are the elements noted prior to engaging in crime according to Routine Activity Theory?

• Identifying suitable targets, a motivated offender, absence of a responsible person

• Emotional state, social influence, economic status

• Random selection, peer pressure, opportunity

• Personal beliefs, cultural norms, legal consequences

Eysenck's Type Theory includes which of the following dimensions?

• Extraversion-Introversion, Neuroticism-Emotional Stability, Psychoticism-Impulse Control

• Extraversion-Introversion, Openness-Conscientiousness, Agreeableness-Neuroticism

• Extraversion-Introversion, Openness-Agreeableness, Conscientiousness-Neuroticism

• Extraversion-Introversion, Openness-Conscientiousness, Agreeableness-Impulse Control

How are offenders characterized according to the text?

• High conditionability

• Low conditionability

• High extraversion

• Low neuroticism