C and C++ Programming Concepts

What is the difference between a variable and a constant in C and C++?

• Variables are only used in C, while constants are only used in C++

• Variables and constants are the same thing in C and C++

• Variables can change their value, while constants have fixed values.

• Variables are always integers, while constants are always strings

Explain the usage of if-else statements in C and C++ with an example.

• In C/C++, the if-else statement is written as if (condition) { // code to be executed } else { // code to be executed }

• The if-else statement in C/C++ is used for loop iterations

• In C/C++, the if-else statement is used to define functions

• In C/C++, the if-else statement syntax is as follows: if (condition) { // code to be executed if condition is true } else { // code to be executed if condition is false } Example: int num = 10; if (num > 0) { printf("Number is positive"); } else { printf("Number is non-positive"); }

How are functions declared and defined in C and C++?

• Functions are declared by specifying only the return type in C and C++

• Functions in C and C++ are declared by specifying the function name and parameters without the return type

• Functions are defined by providing the implementation of the function prototype in C and C++

• Functions in C and C++ are declared by specifying the return type, function name, and parameters (if any) in the function prototype. The function is then defined by providing the implementation of the function body.

What is the significance of pointers in C and C++ programming?

• Pointers in C and C++ programming are primarily used for networking tasks

• Pointers in C and C++ programming are only relevant for basic arithmetic operations

• Pointers in C and C++ programming are significant because they allow direct memory manipulation, dynamic memory allocation, and efficient passing of large data structures to functions.

• Pointers in C and C++ programming are used for text formatting

Discuss the concept of arrays in C and C++ programming.

• Arrays in C and C++ are declared without specifying the data type of the elements

• Arrays in C and C++ are declared by specifying the data type of the elements and the number of elements in square brackets. Elements are accessed using index values starting from 0.

• Elements in arrays are accessed using negative index values

• Arrays in C and C++ can only store a single type of data

Explain the process of memory management in C and C++.

• Memory management involves using print and scan functions in C and C++

• Memory deallocation is automatic in C and C++

• Memory allocation is done statically at compile time in C and C++

• Memory management in C and C++ involves allocating and deallocating memory dynamically during program execution using functions like malloc, calloc, realloc, free in C, and new, delete operators in C++. Memory leaks can occur if memory is not properly deallocated after use.

What is Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) and how is it implemented in C++?

• OOP is implemented in C++ using loops, variables, and functions.

• OOP is implemented in C++ using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.

• OOP is implemented in C++ using SQL, NoSQL, and MongoDB.

• OOP is implemented in C++ using classes, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.

Describe the concept of inheritance in C++ with an example.

• Inheritance in C++ is achieved by using the '=' symbol between classes.

• In C++, inheritance is implemented using the ':' symbol followed by the access specifier and the base class name. For example, class Derived : public Base { // class definition }; This signifies that the Derived class inherits from the Base class publicly.

• Inheritance in C++ involves using the '++' symbol to connect classes.

• Inheritance in C++ is done by using the '->' symbol to link classes.

What is polymorphism and how is it achieved in C++?

• Polymorphism in C++ is achieved through class inheritance only.

• Polymorphism in C++ is achieved through function overloading and overriding.

• Polymorphism in C++ is achieved through encapsulation and abstraction.

• Polymorphism in C++ is achieved through static binding.

Discuss the concept of function overloading in C++.

• Function overloading in C++ enables the creation of multiple functions with the same name but different parameters.

• Function overloading in C++ is not supported by the language.

• Function overloading in C++ restricts the number of functions that can be defined with the same name.

• Function overloading in C++ allows functions to have the same name and same parameters.