5. Protecting Against Threats

What does ransomware do to data until the victim pays a fee to decrypt it?

• Encrypts

• Records

• Spreads

• Replicates

Answer explanation

Ransomware encrypts data until the victim pays a fee to decrypt it, making the data inaccessible without the decryption key.

A virus is a type of _______ that attaches itself to files and then _______ itself to make more copies that _______ to other files and devices.

• malware, replicates, spread

• activity, encrypts, attacker

• record, decrypt, pays a fee

• attacker, records, encrypts

Answer explanation

The correct choice is 'malware, replicates, spread' as viruses are a type of malware that attach to files, replicate to make more copies, and spread to other files and devices.

Spyware will _______ a user’s _______ and pass the information back to the _______.

• record, activity, attacker

• encrypt, data, victim

• spread, files, device

• replicate, information, virus

Answer explanation

Spyware will record a user’s activity and pass the information back to the attacker.

What type of malware attaches itself to files and replicates to spread to other files and devices?

• Spyware

• Ransomware

• Virus

• Trojan

Answer explanation

A virus is a type of malware that attaches itself to files and replicates to spread to other files and devices, distinguishing it from spyware, ransomware, and trojans.

What is the main method used in a DDoS attack?

• Flooding the targeted machine with lots of requests

• Hacking into the system and stealing data

• Sending phishing emails to users

• Installing malware on the target machine

Answer explanation

The main method used in a DDoS attack is flooding the targeted machine with lots of requests, overwhelming its capacity and causing it to become unresponsive.

What does an attacker take control of in a Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attack?

• A. A single computer

• B. A botnet

• C. A server

• D. A website

Answer explanation

In a Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attack, an attacker takes control of a botnet, which is a network of compromised computers used to flood a target with traffic and disrupt its services.

What happens to the server during a DDoS attack?

• A. It becomes faster

• B. It gets upgraded

• C. It can't cope and crashes

• D. It gets more secure

Answer explanation

During a DDoS attack, the server can't cope with the overwhelming amount of traffic and crashes, making it unable to respond to legitimate requests.

What is the result of a DDoS attack on a website or files on the server?

• A. They become more accessible

• B. They can't be accessed

• C. They get deleted

• D. They get backed up

Answer explanation

The result of a DDoS attack on a website or files on the server is that they can't be accessed, making them unavailable to legitimate users.

What does an attacker do in a Man in the Middle attack?

• Encrypts data between devices

• Intercepts data travelling between devices

• Deletes data between devices

• Creates data between devices

Answer explanation

In a Man in the Middle attack, the attacker intercepts data travelling between devices to eavesdrop, modify, or steal information exchanged between them.

Why is a "Man in the Middle" attack easier with unencrypted Wi-Fi signals?

• Because the signal is not protected

• Because the signal is faster

• Because the signal is stronger

• Because the signal is encrypted

Answer explanation

Because the signal is not protected