Glaciers: Formation and Effects

How are glaciers formed?

• Glaciers are formed by ocean currents

• Glaciers are formed from snow accumulation over many years, which compresses into ice and moves due to gravity.

• Glaciers are formed from volcanic eruptions

• Glaciers are formed by meteor impacts

What role do snow and ice play in the formation of glaciers?

• Snow and ice sublimate to form glaciers

• Snow and ice evaporate to form glaciers

• Snow and ice accumulate, compress, and recrystallize to form glaciers.

• Snow and ice melt to form glaciers

Explain the process of glacial advance and retreat.

• Glacial advance occurs when snow accumulates faster than it melts, causing the glacier to move forward. Glacial retreat happens when melting exceeds accumulation, causing the glacier to shrink and move backward.

• Glacial advance is caused by volcanic activity pushing the glacier forward.

• Glacial advance happens when the glacier is exposed to high temperatures, causing it to move forward.

• Glacial retreat occurs when the glacier is covered in volcanic ash, causing it to shrink.

What are the different types of glaciers based on their shape?

• Polar glaciers

• Valley glaciers

• Alpine glaciers, Ice caps, Ice sheets, Tidewater glaciers

• Mountain glaciers

How do glaciers erode the landscape?

• Deposition, condensation, and precipitation

• Melting, sublimation, and evaporation

• Chemical weathering, biological weathering, and mass wasting

• Plucking, abrasion, and freeze-thaw weathering

Describe the formation of U-shaped valleys by glaciers.

• U-shaped valleys are a result of tectonic plate movement

• U-shaped valleys are formed by glaciers through erosion and widening of mountain valleys as the glacier moves downhill.

• U-shaped valleys are created by wind erosion

• U-shaped valleys are formed by volcanic activity

What are moraines and how are they formed by glaciers?

• Moraines are only found in deserts, not near glaciers.

• Moraines are formed by volcanic activity, not glaciers.

• Moraines are accumulations of rock debris carried and deposited by glaciers. They are formed when glaciers move and erode the land, picking up rocks and sediment along the way. As the glacier melts or retreats, it leaves behind these deposits in the form of moraines.

• Moraines are created by wind erosion, not glaciers.

Explain how glaciers create fjords.

• Glaciers carve out deep valleys which are later filled with seawater when they retreat, creating fjords.

• Fjords are created by erosion from rivers

• Fjords are formed by volcanic activity

• Fjords are the result of tectonic plate movement

What is glacial deposition and how does it impact the landscape?

• Glacial deposition is the process of rivers depositing sediments as they move, impacting the landscape by forming canyons, valleys, and plateaus.

• Glacial deposition is the process of wind depositing sediments as it moves, impacting the landscape by forming sand dunes, mesas, and buttes.

• Glacial deposition is the process of volcanic eruptions depositing sediments as they move, impacting the landscape by forming craters, lava fields, and calderas.

• Glacial deposition is the process of glaciers depositing sediments as they move, impacting the landscape by forming landforms like moraines, drumlins, and eskers.

How do glaciers contribute to the formation of cirques/corries?

• Glaciers contribute to the formation of cirques by eroding the landscape through processes like plucking and abrasion, creating bowl-shaped depressions.

• Glaciers contribute to the formation of cirques by creating mountain peaks.

• Glaciers contribute to the formation of cirques by causing volcanic eruptions.

• Glaciers contribute to the formation of cirques by attracting wildlife.