n4 compilation part 2

showing a limit

• [quantifier] で

• [noun] で

• plain form/noun ~とか

• [noun] でも

Answer explanation

ex. 10万円で買える車はありますか。(Is there a car that I can buy for 100,000 yen?)

[noun] express many different meaning

• [quantifier] で

• [noun] で

• plain form/noun ~とか

• [noun] でも

Answer explanation

エベレストは、せかい で いちばん 高い山です。

...or (colloquial)/among other things; such as; like ~.

• [quantifier] で

• [noun] で

• plain form/noun ~とか

• [noun] でも

Answer explanation

ex. 私はおすしとかラーメンとか日本料理が好きです(I love Japanese food, like sushi, ramen, etc.)

ex. しゅみとかありますか？

(Do you have any hobbies (or anything else you do?)

… or something; how about~

• [quantifier] で

• [noun] で

• plain form/noun ~とか

• [noun] でも

Answer explanation

ex. さむいから、あたたかいものでものみませんか. (It's a bit cold so why don't we get something warm to drink?)

ex. ちょっとじかんがあるからゲームでもしましょうか？(We have a little time, let’s play games or something?)

(emphasis or comparison)

• [particle]+は/も

• [verb]+の+[particle]

• [plain form /い adj]/[(な adj/noun)+だ)] と~

Answer explanation

ex. かのじょ は ヨーロッパには行いく vs かのじょはヨーロッパに行いく both of the sentences translates to "She will go to Europe" but by using には, hints at the fact that while she will go to Europe, she may not go to somewhere else (say, the Middle East).

ex. ジョンにはえいごができない translates to "As for John, he does not understand English." comparing to others or everyone that they understand english.

の as nominaliser

• [particle]+は/も

• [plain form verb]+の+[particle]

• [plain form /い adj]/[(な adj/noun)+だ)] と~

Answer explanation

with the の attach on the end of a verb, it now functions in the sentence like a noun.

ex. 走るのは楽しい (Running is fun.)

if... then (similar to conditional form)

• [particle]+は/も

• [plain form verb]+の+[particle]

• [plain form /い adj]/[(な adj/noun)+だ)] と~

Answer explanation

ex. ボタンを押すと、店員が来る。

(When you push a button, staff come.)

if, when, after, once (a conditional form).

• ~たら

• ~のに

• ~ても

• ~なら

Answer explanation

ex. 走ったらストレッチをします。

(I stretch after running)

ex.もし(も)このプリン食べたら帰ります。

(❌ I'll go back home when I finish eating this pudding.

⭕️ I'll go back home if you eat this pudding.)

もし(も) is often used to indicate that the sentence is meant to be conditional.

even though...

• ~たら

• [Verb (casual form)]/[Noun/な-adj + な]/[い-adj] のに~

• ~ても

• ~なら

Answer explanation

ex. 勉強したのに、テスト0点でした。(I studied, but I got 0 points on a test.)

even if...

• ~たら

• [Verb (casual form)]/[Noun/な-adj + な]/[い-adj] のに~

• ~ても

• ~なら

Answer explanation

ex. 雨が降っても、行きましょう。(Let's go even if it rains.)