Reading Test 4A

Who are some of the main representatives of Critical Theory?

• Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin

• Walter Benjamin, Theodor Adorno, Max Horkheimer, Herbert Marcuse

• Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Thomas Hobbes, Montesquieu, Voltaire

• Adam Smith, John Locke, David Ricardo, John Stuart Mill

What is one of the main criticisms of Critical Theory towards modern society?

• Lack of technological advancement

• Overemphasis on traditional values

• Lack of reasonableness

• Excessive focus on individual freedom

Who is considered the father of structural anthropology or structuralism?

• Karl Marx

• Ferdinand de Saussure

• Max Weber

• Claude Lévi-Strauss

What is one of the key ideas of structuralism according to Claude Lévi-Strauss?

• Cultural diversity is a barrier to understanding human behavior

• Myths and stories have no underlying structures

• Culture is a static entity that does not change over time

• Human minds possess universal characteristics that influence their thinking

Who is credited with developing the chaos theory?

• Karl Popper

• Isaac Newton

• Thomas Kuhn

• Edward Norton Lorenz

What does chaos theory primarily focus on in social sciences?

• Analyzing historical events in isolation

• Understanding complex nonlinear systems of social complexity

• Studying linear progressions in social systems

• Predicting exact outcomes of social behaviors

Which of the following is a characteristic of chaotic systems?

• Predictable outcomes based on initial conditions

• Random behavior with no patterns

• Sensitivity to initial conditions

• Linear progression without deviations

Who is known for their work in complexity theory and the study of complex systems?

• Albert Einstein

• Sigmund Freud

• Stuart Kauffman

• Karl Marx

What is a key aspect of complex systems according to complexity theory?

• Emergent behavior resulting from interactions

• Limited interconnections between components

• Centralized control over all elements

• Inability to adapt to new situations

What does complexity theory suggest about real-world systems?

• They are simple and easily understood

• They lack any form of order or structure

• They are entirely predictable in their behavior

• They exhibit complex characteristics