Cognitive Biases

What is the tendency to rely heavily on the first piece of information encountered when making decisions?

Answer explanation

The tendency to rely heavily on the first piece of information encountered when making decisions is known as anchoring bias.

What is the tendency to pay attention to certain stimuli while ignoring others?

Answer explanation

The tendency to pay attention to certain stimuli while ignoring others is known as attentional bias.

What is the tendency to search for, interpret, and remember information in a way that confirms one's preconceptions?

Answer explanation

Confirmation bias is the tendency to search for, interpret, and remember information in a way that confirms one's preconceptions.

What is the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share one's beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors?

Answer explanation

The tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share one's beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors is known as the false consensus bias.

What is the tendency to see events as having been predictable after they have already occurred?

Answer explanation

Hindsight bias

What is the phenomenon where a person's recall of episodic memories becomes less accurate due to post-event information?

Answer explanation

The phenomenon described is known as 'misinformation effect', where a person's recall of episodic memories becomes less accurate due to post-event information.

What is the tendency to believe that one is less likely to experience negative events and more likely to experience positive events than others?

Answer explanation

The tendency described is known as optimistic bias, where individuals believe they are less likely to experience negative events and more likely to experience positive events than others.

What is the tendency to attribute positive events to one's own character but attribute negative events to external factors?

Answer explanation

The tendency described is known as the self-serving bias, where individuals attribute positive events to their own character but negative events to external factors.

What is a cognitive bias in which people with low ability at a task overestimate their ability?

Answer explanation

The cognitive bias described is the Dunning-Kruger effect, where individuals with low ability tend to overestimate their skills.