LIBERALISM AND NATIONALISM

What were the principles of individual freedom, separation of powers, popular sovereignty, equality before the law, and constitutionalism based on?

• Fascism

• Communism

• Liberalism

• Socialism

Which type of nationalism believes that the basis of a nation is the individuals' voluntary decision to form part of it?

• Religious nationalism

• Revolutionary nationalism

• Ethnic or conservative nationalism

• Civic or liberal nationalism

What was the aim of the Restoration in Europe following the defeat of Napoleon?

• To establish a new empire

• To promote democracy

• To return to the political order of the Ancien Régime

• To abolish all monarchies

Which event marked the end of absolutism in Spain and the establishment of a constitutional monarchy?

• The First Spanish Republic

• The Democratic Sexennium

• The Restoration

• The Glorious Revolution

What was the main conflict during the Provisional Government in Spain (1868-1870)?

• Colonial war in Cuba

• Political disagreement over the form of the state

• Economic crisis

• Religious conflicts

Which of the following was a characteristic of the Constitution of 1812 in Spain?

• No separation of powers

• Flexible cooperation between powers

• Limited executive power

• Absolute executive power

What weakened the Spanish Empire in Latin America during the early 19th century?

• Exclusion of creoles from influential positions

• Strong military presence

• Political stability in Spain

• Economic prosperity

Which literary movement emerged as a reaction against Romanticism, aiming to capture reality objectively?

• Romanticism

• Realism

• Naturalism

• Surrealism

What was a key turning point in the United States during the 19th century?

• The Spanish-American War

• The Mexican-American War

• The War of 1812

• The American Civil War

Which architectural style emerged during Romanticism in Spain, focusing on the use of brick and horseshoe arches?

• Rococo

• Neo-Mudéjar

• Baroque

• Neoclassical