Essentials of Biology - Chapter 8 Study Questions

What are the parts of an ADP molecule?

• Adenine, ribose, and two phosphate groups

• Adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups

• Guanine, ribose, and two phosphate groups

• Cytosine, ribose, and two phosphate groups

Chlorophyll is a pigment found in plants that functions primarily in which process?

• Photosynthesis

• Respiration

• Transpiration

• Fermentation

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What are thylakoids and how do they function in plants?

• Thylakoids are structures in plant cells that store nutrients.

• Thylakoids are organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.

• Thylakoids are pigments that give plants their green color.

• Thylakoids are enzymes that break down glucose in plants.

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Examine this diagram of an ATP molecule. Know the 3 parts that make up an ATP molecule. How would you use the same diagram to show an ADP molecule?

• Remove one phosphate group from the ATP molecule.

• Add an extra phosphate group to the ATP molecule.

• Replace the ribose sugar with a deoxyribose sugar.

• Change the adenine base to a guanine base.

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What are the reactants and products of photosynthesis?

• Reactants: Carbon dioxide and water; Products: Glucose and oxygen

• Reactants: Oxygen and glucose; Products: Carbon dioxide and water

• Reactants: Nitrogen and water; Products: Glucose and oxygen

• Reactants: Carbon dioxide and oxygen; Products: Glucose and water

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What are light-dependent and light-independent reactions in terms of photosynthesis? What are the products of these reactions?

• Light-dependent reactions produce ATP and NADPH, while light-independent reactions produce glucose.

• Light-dependent reactions produce glucose, while light-independent reactions produce ATP and NADPH.

• Light-dependent reactions produce oxygen, while light-independent reactions produce carbon dioxide.

• Light-dependent reactions produce carbon dioxide, while light-independent reactions produce oxygen.

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Explain the difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs. Give an example of both.

• Autotrophs produce their own food; heterotrophs consume other organisms. Examples: plants and animals.

• Autotrophs consume other organisms; heterotrophs produce their own food. Examples: animals and plants.

• Autotrophs and heterotrophs both produce their own food. Examples: fungi and bacteria.

• Autotrophs and heterotrophs both consume other organisms. Examples: humans and fish.

Why do plants appear green?

• Because they absorb green light

• Because they reflect green light

• Because they emit green light

• Because they are made of green pigments

How do plants take in and absorb the sun’s energy?

• Through photosynthesis using chlorophyll

• By absorbing sunlight through roots

• By converting sunlight into heat

• Through respiration

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What benefits do plants provide to humans and the environment?

• Plants provide oxygen and improve air quality.

• Plants are a source of noise pollution.

• Plants increase carbon dioxide levels.

• Plants decrease biodiversity.

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