Which of the following manners of articulation involves the complete closure of the vocal tract followed by a sudden release of air?

• Nasal

• Fricative

• Stop

• Approximant

Which place of articulation is characterized by the contact or near contact between the lower lip and the upper teeth?

• Bilabial

• Labiodental

• Alveolar

• Velar

Which of the following IPA symbols represents a high front unrounded vowel?

• [u]

• [i]

• [e]

• [a]

In which of the following words is primary stress placed on the first syllable?

• banana

• computer

• perfect (as an adjective)

• hotel

Which of the following pairs of words demonstrates the contrastive function of phonemes in English?

• [pæt] and [bæt]

• [pæt] and [pʰæt]

• [pæt] and [pæd]

• [pæt] and [pæʔ]

Which of the following sets of features correctly distinguishes the phonemes [t] and [d]?

• [+voice], [-voice]

• [+nasal], [-nasal]

• [+bilabial], [-bilabial]

• [+fricative], [-fricative]

The feature [±nasal] can distinguish between which of the following pairs of sounds?

• [p] and [b]

• [t] and [d]

• [m] and [n]

• [m] and [b]

Which of the following is considered a primary feature of consonants in English phonology?

• [+rounded]

• [+high]

• [+syllabic]

• [+continuant]

Which of the following is an example of assimilation?

• [hændbəg] pronounced as [hæmbəg]

• [bæŋk] pronounced as [bæŋ]

• [læmp] pronounced as [læm]

• [æk] pronounced as [æks]

Given the phonological rule X → Y / W __ Z, which of the following examples correctly applies the rule?

• [p] → [b] / # __ i

• [t] → [d] / s __ z

• [k] → [g] / __ #

• [s] → [z] / __ n