2.1. Scientific Research - SS11

What is a key feature of scientific research?

• It relies on anecdotal evidence

• It is based on replicable data

• It avoids testing hypotheses

• It promotes popular beliefs

A hypothesis is a clear predictive statement, often an attempt to explain an experiment.

• True

• False

What happens when the results of an experiment support the hypothesis?

• The hypothesis is ignored

• The hypothesis is modified

• The hypothesis is discarded

• The hypothesis is confirmed

What should researchers do if their results contradict the hypothesis?

• Discard the results

• Assume the hypothesis is still correct

• Modify the hypothesis

• Ignore the hypothesis

What are the correct differences between qualitative and quantitative research?

1. 1. Qualitative research focuses on numbers and statistics; quantitative research focuses on descriptive data

2. 2. Qualitative research focuses on descriptive data; quantitative research focuses on numbers and statistic

3. 3. Examples of quantitative observation include age, weight, and other numerical values; examples of qualitative observation are shapes, color, and smell

4. 4. Examples of qualitative observation include age, weight, and other numerical values; examples of quantitative observation are shapes, color, and smell

• 1 and 3

• 2 and 3

• 1 and 4

• 2 and 4

What does it mean for a study to be "replicable"?

• 1. It can be easily published

• It can be repeated with the same results

• It can be summarized quickly

• It can be funded repeatedly

What does it mean if a theory is falsifiable?

• 1. It can be proven wrong

• It is always true

• It is based on opinions

• It cannot be tested

Who emphasized the importance of falsifiability in scientific theories?

• 1. Sigmund Freud

• William James

• Karl Popper

• John Watson

A scientist is studying two theories to explain a phenomenon:
- Theory A, which is highly complex and involves many assumptions

• - Theory B, which is simpler and requires fewer assumptions. 

According to the principle of parsimony, which theory should the scientist prefer, and why?

• Theory A, because it is more detailed and may cover more variables

• Theory A, because complexity indicates a higher level of sophistication

• Theory B, because it involves more assumptions and thus may provide a better explanation

• Theory B, because it is simpler and involves fewer assumptions

During a corporate retreat, Jane proudly claims to have a unique ability to read the thoughts of her colleague, Tom. During a team-building exercise, she accurately describes Tom's private thoughts and ideas about a challenging project, despite Tom never voicing these thoughts publicly or discussing them with anyone. This claim sparks a lot of interest among the attendees. Jane’s ability to identify someone else’s thoughts is called telepathy.

• True

• False