Form 9 quiz

Which of the following is not a word to avoid in Forensics Work Products and Reports

• We assure...

• To insure...

• We guarantee...

• We analyzed...

Answer explanation

“Assure” or “assurance” is not used in relation to Channel 2 advisory services;

• It implies or promises certain results. It also implies the work has been performed in accordance with International Standards on Assurance Engagements or similar.

• Similarly we avoid giving warranties or guarantees, as these are absolute promises, and could lead to us assuming responsibility for losses flowing from a breach.

Which of the following are words we should avoid in forensic work products and reports?

• We audited...

• We considered...

• We performed an examination....

• ... is fairly stated

Answer explanation

These terms have predefined /different assurance/attest meanings in certain countries.

It also implies the work has been performed in accordance with International Standards on Assurance Engagements or similar.

Implies a level of certainty or completeness with respect to our services

"In our opinion, the forensic accounting examination is both detailed and reliable."

There is nothing wrong with the statement above?

• YES

• NO

Answer explanation

"In our opinion" is only appropriate where we are expressly required or permitted to provide opinion evidence.

Alternatively statements are:

- We summarize

- Our findings are

"On the basis that the information provided to us is correct/accurate, there appears to be evidence of fraud."

This is a valid statement and can be used for forensic reports.

• YES

• NO

Answer explanation

Guilt is determined by a judicial authority and by reference to the law: it is not simply a matter of accounting evidence

Alternative sentences:

· Our findings may be summarized as follows…

· The following irregularities are apparent in these transactions…

· We have not identified any conventional commercial justification for the terms of these transactions…

Which of the following is an acceptable term to use in forensic reporting when describing a professional with extensive knowledge?

• Subject-matter resource

• Expert

• Specialist

• Seasoned professional

Answer explanation

May promise certain results from our services. Use of these words raises a higher legal standard against which our services or actions are measured.

“Expert” and “specialist” may only be used where objective criteria are met e.g., appointment to act as an expert witness

Which phrase is appropriate for discussing ways to enhance the reliability of forensic reporting?

• To improve the likelihood of accurate results

• To maximize accuracy

• To optimize reliability

• To achieve optimal findings

Answer explanation

Words such as

• - Maximize

• - Minimize

• - Optimize

• - Optimal

• are absolutes which may be difficult to prove and easier to disprove