Smart Materials

What defines a smart material?

• Materials that are always rigid
• Materials that cannot be altered by any stimuli
• Materials that are only used in construction
• Materials that have properties that can be significantly altered in a controlled fashion by external stimuli.

Which of the following is a common type of smart material?

• Piezoelectric ceramics
• Shape memory alloys
• Thermosetting polymers
• Conductive metals

Which external stimuli can affect smart materials?

• Friction, color, humidity
• Temperature, light, pressure, electric fields, and magnetic fields
• Sound, gravity, time
• Chemical reactions, smell, taste

What is the primary characteristic of a shape-memory alloy?

• Ability to float in water
• Ability to conduct electricity
• Ability to return to their original shape
• Ability to change color

Which smart material is used in self-healing concrete?

• Ferrofluid
• Thermochromic material
• Piezoelectric material
• Shape memory alloy (SMA)

How do piezoelectric materials respond to external forces?

• Generate an electric charge in response to applied mechanical stress
• Reflect light when pressure is applied
• Produce sound waves in response to temperature changes
• Change color when exposed to magnetic fields

Which smart material would be most suitable for adaptive lenses in eyeglasses?

• Conductive polymers
• Liquid crystal elastomers
• Piezoelectric materials
• Shape memory alloys

What is the main application of thermochromic materials?

• Conducting electricity
• Absorbing sound waves
• Generating light without heat
• Color change with temperature variations

Which property is most commonly associated with electroactive polymers?

• Chemical stability
• Thermal resistance
• Conductivity
• Electroactivity

In which field are smart materials NOT commonly used?

• medicine
• construction
• space exploration
• agriculture