Stacks Mastery

Explain the push operation in a stack.

• To push an element onto a stack, increment the stack pointer and place the new element at that position.

• To push an element onto a stack, swap the top two elements and place the new element at that position.

• To push an element onto a stack, remove the top element and place the new element at that position.

• To push an element onto a stack, decrement the stack pointer and place the new element at that position.

What is the purpose of the pop operation in a stack?

• To add an element to the stack.

• To reverse the order of elements in the stack.

• To check if the stack is empty.

• To remove the top element from the stack.

Give an example of a real-world application where a stack data structure is used.

• Web browsing history

• Weather forecasting

• Social media feed

• Supermarket inventory management

How does a stack data structure follow the Last In First Out (LIFO) principle?

• A stack data structure follows the LIFO principle by randomly adding and removing elements.

• A stack data structure follows the LIFO principle by adding elements to the bottom and removing from the top.

• A stack data structure follows the LIFO principle by removing elements from the bottom.

• A stack data structure follows the Last In First Out (LIFO) principle by adding elements to and removing elements from the same end, known as the top.

What happens when you try to pop an element from an empty stack?

• It will return the last element added to the stack

• It will add a default element to the stack

• It will result in an error known as 'underflow'.

• It will clear the entire stack

Describe how a stack can be implemented using an array.

• By utilizing the push() and pop() methods of the array, where push() adds elements to the end of the array and pop() removes elements from the end of the array.

• By directly accessing elements in the middle of the array

• By converting the array into a linked list

• By using the shift() and unshift() methods of the array

Discuss the importance of stack data structure in function call management.

• Stack data structure is primarily used for managing text data, not function calls.

• Stack data structure is only useful for managing loops, not function calls.

• Function calls can be managed effectively without using any data structure.

• Stack data structure is essential for managing function calls by providing a structured way to store and retrieve function call information, enabling smooth execution and control flow.

Explain the concept of stack overflow and underflow.

• Stack overflow is when the stack is full and cannot accommodate more data, while stack underflow is when the stack is empty and there is no data to retrieve.

• Stack overflow is when the stack is empty and there is no data to retrieve.

• Stack underflow is when the stack is full and cannot accommodate more data.

• Stack underflow is when the stack is full and can accommodate more data.

How can a stack be used to reverse a string?

• By sorting the characters alphabetically

• By pushing each character of the string onto a stack and then popping them off to construct the reversed string.

• By using a queue instead of a stack

• By converting the string to uppercase

Compare and contrast stacks and queues in terms of their operations.

• Stacks and queues differ in their operations due to the LIFO and FIFO principles they follow.

• Stacks and queues have no differences in their functionality.

• Stacks and queues both follow the FIFO principle.

• Stacks and queues are identical in their operations.