Research Design Quiz

Name any five(5) research designs. Briefly explain one of them.

• Observational, Action Research, Grounded Theory, Ethnographic, Phenomenological

• Randomized Controlled Trial, Cohort Study, Meta-Analysis, Systematic Review, Content Analysis

• Experimental, Descriptive, Correlational, Case Study, Survey

• Qualitative, Quantitative, Mixed Methods, Longitudinal, Cross-Sectional

Distinguish between the following; epistemology vs ontology, empirical vs non-empirical, quantitative and qualitative methods, effect size vs sample size.

• Epistemology - study of knowledge sources, Ontology - study of existence; Empirical - based on observation, Non-empirical - not based on observation; Quantitative - numerical data, Qualitative - descriptive data; Effect size - magnitude of relationship, Sample size - number of participants

• Epistemology - study of existence, Ontology - study of knowledge sources; Empirical - not based on observation, Non-empirical - based on observation; Quantitative - descriptive data, Qualitative - numerical data; Effect size - number of participants, Sample size - magnitude of relationship

• Epistemology - study of knowledge sources, Ontology - study of existence; Empirical - not based on observation, Non-empirical - based on observation; Quantitative - numerical data, Qualitative - descriptive data; Effect size - number of participants, Sample size - magnitude of relationship

• Epistemology - study of existence, Ontology - study of knowledge sources; Empirical - based on observation, Non-empirical - not based on observation; Quantitative - descriptive data, Qualitative - numerical data; Effect size - magnitude of relationship, Sample size - number of participants

What is qualitative research approach? State any three (3) methods and briefly describe one.

• Qualitative research focuses on words and meanings; Methods include interviews, observations, and focus groups; Content Analysis involves analyzing textual data for themes and patterns

• Qualitative research focuses on historical data; Methods include content analysis, case studies, and surveys; Phenomenology involves exploring individuals' experiences

• Qualitative research focuses on numbers and statistics; Methods include surveys, experiments, and case studies; Grounded Theory involves developing theories based on existing data

• Qualitative research focuses on visual data; Methods include surveys, questionnaires, and experiments; Ethnography involves studying a culture in-depth

What is quantitative research approach? State any three (3) methods and briefly describe one.

• Quantitative research focuses on numerical data and statistical analysis; Methods include surveys, experiments, and observations; Meta-Analysis involves combining results from multiple studies

• Quantitative research focuses on visual data; Methods include surveys, questionnaires, and experiments; Randomized Controlled Trial involves randomly assigning participants to different groups

• Quantitative research focuses on historical data; Methods include content analysis, case studies, and surveys; Systematic Review involves analyzing and summarizing existing research

• Quantitative research focuses on words and meanings; Methods include interviews, observations, and focus groups; Cohort Study involves following a group of individuals over time

What do you understand by Mixed Methods?

• Mixed Methods is a research approach that combines qualitative and quantitative methods; It involves collecting, analyzing, and interpreting both types of data

• Mixed Methods is a research approach that involves conducting surveys and experiments simultaneously

• Mixed Methods is a research approach that only uses qualitative methods; It focuses on understanding individuals' experiences and perspectives

• Mixed Methods is a research approach that only uses quantitative methods; It focuses on numerical data and statistical analysis

Distinguish between empirical and non-empirical research. Give examples.

• Empirical research is based on visual data, Non-empirical research is based on numerical data; Example of empirical research: observing behaviors, Example of non-empirical research: analyzing numerical trends

• Empirical research is based on numerical data, Non-empirical research is based on visual data; Example of empirical research: analyzing survey results, Example of non-empirical research: observing behaviors

• Empirical research is based on theory and logic, Non-empirical research is based on observation and experience; Example of empirical research: developing mathematical models, Example of non-empirical research: conducting surveys

• Empirical research is based on observation and experience, Non-empirical research is based on theory and logic; Example of empirical research: conducting experiments, Example of non-empirical research: developing mathematical models

What do you understand by Survey? What are the four important steps during its conduct in research?

• A survey is a method for experimental research; Steps include randomizing participants, controlling variables, collecting numerical data, and drawing conclusions

• A survey is a statistical analysis technique; Steps include calculating means, medians, modes, and standard deviations

• A survey is a qualitative research method; Steps include conducting interviews, observing behaviors, analyzing visual data, and interpreting themes

• A survey is a data collection method using questionnaires or interviews; Steps include designing the survey, selecting the sample, administering the survey, and analyzing the results

What do you understand by a case study? Identify five (5) techniques utilized in case studies.

• A case study is an in-depth analysis of a single individual, group, or event; Techniques include interviews, observations, document analysis, surveys, and experiments

• A case study is a statistical analysis method; Techniques include calculating correlations, regressions, t-tests, ANOVAs, and chi-square tests

• A case study is a qualitative research approach; Techniques include content analysis, grounded theory, ethnography, phenomenology, and narrative analysis

• A case study is a method for historical research; Techniques include archival research, oral history, artifact analysis, genealogical research, and museum studies

When should you use mixed methods? How should a mixed methods be designed?

• Mixed Methods should be used for purely quantitative research questions; Design involves conducting surveys and experiments simultaneously

• Mixed Methods should be used for historical research questions; Design involves analyzing archival documents and artifacts

• Mixed Methods should be used when a research question requires both qualitative and quantitative data; Design involves integrating data collection, analysis, and interpretation from both approaches

• Mixed Methods should be used for purely qualitative research questions; Design involves focusing on individuals' experiences and perspectives

Explain the following research designs: Convergent parallel, explanatory sequential design, exploratory sequential design.

• Convergent parallel design involves conducting surveys and experiments simultaneously; Explanatory sequential design starts with qualitative data collection and analysis, followed by quantitative data collection to confirm the qualitative findings; Exploratory sequential design begins with quantitative data collection and analysis, followed by qualitative data collection to explore further

• Convergent parallel design involves focusing only on qualitative data collection and analysis; Explanatory sequential design starts with quantitative data collection and analysis, followed by qualitative data collection to explain the quantitative findings; Exploratory sequential design begins with qualitative data collection and analysis, followed by quantitative data collection to explore further

• Convergent parallel design involves combining qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis simultaneously; Explanatory sequential design starts with qualitative data collection and analysis, followed by quantitative data collection to confirm the qualitative findings; Exploratory sequential design begins with quantitative data collection and analysis, followed by qualitative data collection to explore further

• Convergent parallel design involves collecting and analyzing both qualitative and quantitative data separately, then comparing the results; Explanatory sequential design starts with quantitative data collection and analysis, followed by qualitative data collection to explain the quantitative findings; Exploratory sequential design begins with qualitative data collection and analysis, followed by quantitative data collection to explore further