W.03: Age of Enlightenment Philosophers

What did Thomas Hobbes believe about the state of nature?

What is the social contract according to Thomas Hobbes?

• An agreement to share resources equitably.

• An agreement to form a democratic community.

• An agreement to surrender liberties to a sovereign authority in exchange for security and order.

• An agreement to live in harmony without the need for government.

What type of authority did Hobbes defend in his work "Leviathan"?

• A democratic and decentralized authority.

• A strong and centralized authority.

• An authority based on the equality of power.

• An authority without coercive power.

What was the purpose of the sovereign in Hobbes' social contract?

• Maintain peace and prevent social collapse.

• Promote equality and justice.

• Foster cooperation and harmony.

• Guarantee unrestricted individual freedom.

What natural rights did John Locke argue that all individuals possess?

• A. Right to education, health, and work

• B. Right to life, liberty, and property

• C. Right to equality, justice, and peace

• D. Right to security, well-being, and happiness

How did John Locke view the state of nature compared to Hobbes?

• A. As a state of constant war

• B. As a state of equality and freedom

• C. As a state of chaos and disorder

• D. As a state of oppression and tyranny

What did John Locke propose about the social contract?

• A. That individuals should give up all their rights

• B. That individuals form governments to protect their natural rights

• C. That the social contract is unnecessary

• D. That the social contract should be imposed by force

What did John Locke believe people should do if a government did not protect natural rights or became tyrannical?

• A. Accept the situation and adapt

• B. Seek help from other countries

• C. Establish a new government

• D. Ignore the government and live in anarchy

What was the impact of John Locke's ideas?

• A. They were completely ignored in his time

• B. They influenced the development of modern liberal democracy

• C. They only had an impact in Europe

• D. They were rejected by most philosophers

What theory is Montesquieu best known for?

• Social contract theory

• Separation of powers theory

• Theory of evolution

• Theory of relativity