Which of the following statements correctly describes Archibald Garrod's hypothesis for how "inborn errors of metabolism" such as alkaptonuria occur?

• Certain metabolic reactions are carried out by ribozymes, and affected individuals lack key splicing factors.

• Genes dictate the production of specific enzymes, and affected individuals have genetic defects that cause them to lack certain enzymes.

• Metabolic enzymes require vitamin cofactors, and affected individuals have significant nutritional deficiencies.

• Enzymes are made of DNA, and affected individuals lack DNA polymerase.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

A particular triplet of bases in the template strand of DNA is 5'-AGT-3'. What would be the corresponding codon for the mRNA that is transcribed?

• 3'-UCA-5'

• 5'-TCA-3'

• 3'-UGA-5'

• 3'-ACU-5'

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

The genetic code is essentially the same for all organisms. From this, one can logically assume which of the following statements to be true?

• DNA was the first genetic material.

• Different organisms have different types of amino acids.

• A gene from an organism can theoretically be expressed by any other organism.

• The same codons in different organisms translate into different amino acids.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

The figure shows a simple metabolic pathway. According to Beadle and Tatum's hypothesis, how many genes are necessary for this pathway?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• It cannot be determined from the pathway.

Refer to the metabolic pathway illustrated. If A, B, and C are all required for growth, a strain that is mutant for the gene-encoding enzyme A would be able to grow on medium supplemented with which of the following nutrient(s)?

• nutrient C only

• nutrients A and C

• either nutrient B or C

• nutrient A only

Use the figure to answer the question.

• nutrient A only

• nutrient B only

• nutrient C only

• nutrients A and C

Which of the following statements supports the one gene-one enzyme hypothesis?

• Multiple antibody genes can code for different related proteins, depending on the splicing that takes place post-transcriptionally.

• Alkaptonuria results when individuals lack multiple enzymes involved in the catalysis of homogentisic acid.

• Sickle-cell anemia results in normal hemoglobin.

• A mutation in a single gene can result in a defective protein.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Which of the following characteristics is directly related to the coding of a single amino acid during the process of translation?

• the complementarity of DNA and RNA

• the base sequence of the tRNA

• the three-base sequence of mRNA

• the amino acetyl tRNA synthase

Which of the following processes occurs during transcription?

• mRNA attaches to ribosomes

• proteins are synthesized

• RNA is synthesized

• DNA is replicated

Which of the following molecular structures contain codons?

• tRNA

• rRNA

• a protein

• mRNA