Pharmacology Quiz

What is the primary difference between first and second generation antihistamines?

• First-generation antihistamines often cause sedation and have anticholinergic effects, while second-generation antihistamines are less likely to cause drowsiness.

• First-generation antihistamines are more effective in reducing inflammation than second-generation antihistamines.

• Second-generation antihistamines are more likely to cause sedation and anticholinergic effects than first-generation antihistamines.

• There is no significant difference between first and second generation antihistamines.

How do antihistamines work?

• Antihistamines block H1 receptors to reduce the effects of histamine, which alleviates allergy symptoms.

• Antihistamines increase the production of histamine to fight off allergens.

• Antihistamines block H2 receptors to reduce stomach acid production.

• Antihistamines stimulate the immune system to produce more antibodies.

What medications are used for long-term control of asthma versus during an acute exacerbation?

• Long-term control includes inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting beta agonists; acute exacerbations are treated with short-acting beta agonists like albuterol.

• Long-term control includes oral steroids and antihistamines; acute exacerbations are treated with inhaled corticosteroids.

• Long-term control includes short-acting beta agonists; acute exacerbations are treated with long-acting beta agonists.

• Long-term control includes antihistamines and decongestants; acute exacerbations are treated with oral steroids.

What are common side effects of oral and inhaled steroids?

• Oral steroids may cause weight gain, hypertension, and diabetes; inhaled steroids may cause oral thrush and hoarseness.

• Oral steroids may cause drowsiness and dry mouth; inhaled steroids may cause increased appetite and weight loss.

• Oral steroids may cause nausea and vomiting; inhaled steroids may cause dizziness and headaches.

• Oral steroids may cause insomnia and anxiety; inhaled steroids may cause skin rashes and itching.

Which medications suppress cough and which increase expectoration?

• Antitussives suppress cough; expectorants increase expectoration.

• Expectorants suppress cough; antitussives increase expectoration.

• Decongestants suppress cough; antihistamines increase expectoration.

• Antihistamines suppress cough; decongestants increase expectoration.

What are the symptoms of theophylline toxicity?

• Nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, and seizures

• Headache, dizziness, and blurred vision

• Rash, itching, and swelling

• Fever, chills, and sore throat

What is the therapeutic range for theophylline?

• 10-20 mcg/mL

• 5-10 mcg/mL

• 20-30 mcg/mL

• 1-5 mcg/mL

What are some common drug interactions with theophylline?

• Caffeine, ciprofloxacin, and other drugs that affect liver enzymes

• Acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and aspirin

• Penicillin, amoxicillin, and cephalexin

• Metformin, insulin, and glipizide

Which type of inhaler typically requires a spacer?

• Metered-dose inhalers

• Dry powder inhalers

• Nebulizers

• Soft mist inhalers

What is a common reaction to vancomycin, and how is it managed?

• Red man syndrome; managed by slowing the infusion rate

• Anaphylaxis; managed by administering epinephrine

• Rash; managed by applying topical steroids

• Nausea; managed by taking antiemetics