Mitochondria Insights

What is the structure of mitochondria?

• Mitochondria have a double-membrane structure with an outer membrane, inner membrane, cristae, intermembrane space, and mitochondrial matrix.

• Mitochondria have a membrane-less structure

• Mitochondria have a triple-membrane structure

• Mitochondria have a single-membrane structure

What is the main function of mitochondria in a cell?

• Produce energy (ATP) through cellular respiration

• Produce enzymes for digestion

• Regulate cell division

• Store genetic information

Explain the role of mitochondria in cellular respiration.

• Mitochondria produce glucose in cellular respiration

• Mitochondria release oxygen in cellular respiration

• Mitochondria have no role in cellular respiration

• Mitochondria play a crucial role in cellular respiration by generating ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.

What is unique about mitochondrial DNA compared to nuclear DNA?

• Circular, inherited maternally, higher mutation rate

• Linear, inherited paternally, lower mutation rate

• Triangular, inherited equally, same mutation rate

• Square, inherited randomly, variable mutation rate

Can you name a few mitochondrial diseases and their symptoms?

• Leigh syndrome, MELAS syndrome, Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy

• Huntington's disease, symptoms include muscle weakness

• Cystic fibrosis, symptoms include respiratory problems

• Parkinson's disease, symptoms include memory loss

How does the function of mitochondria change with aging?

• Mitochondria become more resistant to damage with aging

• The function of mitochondria declines with aging due to various factors such as decreased mitochondrial DNA, impaired electron transport chain activity, and increased reactive oxygen species production.

• The function of mitochondria improves with aging due to increased energy production

• Aging has no impact on the function of mitochondria

Describe the outer and inner membrane of mitochondria.

• The outer membrane is highly folded, and the inner membrane is smooth.

• The outer membrane is smooth, and the inner membrane is highly folded into cristae.

• Both the outer and inner membranes are highly folded into cristae.

• The outer membrane is folded, and the inner membrane is smooth.

How do mitochondria generate ATP?

• Oxidative phosphorylation

• Glycolysis

• Fermentation

• Photosynthesis

What is the significance of the matrix in mitochondria?

• The matrix is responsible for protein synthesis in mitochondria.

• The matrix is where the citric acid cycle occurs, producing ATP.

• The matrix is where the electron transport chain occurs in mitochondria.

• The matrix is involved in the synthesis of ribosomes in mitochondria.

Explain the process of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria.

• Oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria involves electron transfer through the electron transport chain to create a proton gradient, which is then used by ATP synthase to produce ATP.

• Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell.

• The process of oxidative phosphorylation does not involve electron transfer.

• ATP synthase is not involved in the production of ATP during oxidative phosphorylation.