CCSS.Math.Content.HSS.IC.B.3

Roberto wants to know the favorite sport of adults in his hometown.  He surveys 50 adults at a baseball game.  Is this random or biased sampling?

• Random
• Biased

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CCSS.Math.Content.HSS.IC.A.1

CCSS.Math.Content.HSS.IC.B.3

Why do we randomize in an experiment or a survey?

• Because we have to
• It helps reduce the effects of confounding variables
• It eliminates all possible confounding variables
• It makes sampling easier

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CCSS.Math.Content.HSS.IC.B.3

This sample consists of units of the population that chose to respond.

• mandatory
• census
• volunteer
• unbiased

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CCSS.Math.Content.HSS.IC.B.3

Identify the sampling design: The LFCC registrar wants to investigate attitudes of their graduates.  The registrar randomly selects 100 names from each of the four past graduating classes.

• cluster
• volunteer
• stratified
• simple random

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CCSS.Math.Content.HSS.IC.A.1

CCSS.Math.Content.HSS.IC.B.3

A market research company wishes to find out whether the population of students at a university prefers Starbucks or Dunkin Donuts. A random sample of students is selected, and each student is asked first to try both but the order they try them is randomly decided with a coin toss (heads: Starbucks, then Dunkin. tails: vice versa). They then indicate which brand they prefer. This is an example of

• a completely randomized experiment
• an observational study
• a stratified sample
• a matched pairs experiment

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CCSS.Math.Content.HSS.IC.B.3

Researchers want to determine if there is a relationship between whether or not a woman smoked during pregnancy and the birth weight of her baby. Researchers examined records for the past five years at a large hospital.

What type of study is described?

• Survey

• Experimental Study

• Observational Study

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CCSS.Math.Content.HSS.IC.B.3

You want to see if students who have a 4.0 grade point average study more than those who do not.

• survey

• observational study

• experiment

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CCSS.Math.Content.HSS.IC.B.3

Which of the following is a key distinction between well designed experiments and observational studies?

• More subjects are available for experiments than for observational studies.

• Ethical constraints prevent large-scale observational studies.

• Experiments are less costly to conduct than observational studies.

• An experiment can show a direct cause-and-effect relationship, whereas an observational study cannot.

• Tests of significance cannot be used on data collected from an observational study.

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CCSS.Math.Content.HSS.IC.B.3

A political polling group is interested in learning about the proportion of registered voters who favor a particular candidate for mayor. Which of the following sampling plans may have introduced bias?

• Individuals were selected randomly to participate from a list of registered voters.

• Every 50^th person on a list of registered voters was contacted and asked to identify who they would vote for in the upcoming election.

• A list of registered voters was first separated into two lists—one of males and one of females. Then individuals were selected at random from each of the two lists.

• A survey was mailed to all registered voters and those who returned the survey make up the sample

• None of the above sampling plans creates the potential for bias.

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CCSS.Math.Content.HSS.IC.B.3

Which of the following doesn’t result in some form of bias?

• Choosing AP students to survey regarding their GPA in order to estimate the average GPA in a school.

• Polling a group of potential voters outside a Republican campaign office in order to estimate the proportion of city residents who favor a particular candidate.

• Surveying people who work in the marketing department of a large corporation in order to assess employee satisfaction with management policies.

• Choosing a stratified random sample of juniors and seniors at a high school in order to estimate the proportion of juniors and seniors who plan to go on to college.

• Asking shoppers leaving a grocery store if they think groceries should cost less in order to estimate the proportion of city residents who think groceries cost too much.

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CCSS.Math.Content.HSS.IC.A.1

CCSS.Math.Content.HSS.IC.B.3