APPROACH - 2 - Behaviourism (PQ)

Which 2 are most famously associated with classical conditioning?

• B.F. Skinner

• Ivan Pavlov

• John Watson

• Edward Thorndike

In operant conditioning, which of these increase the likelihood of a behaviour being repeated by adding a stimulus ?

• Negative reinforcement

• Positive reinforcement

• Punishment

• Extinction

What is the primary difference between classical conditioning and operant conditioning?

• Classical conditioning involves voluntary behaviours, while operant conditioning involves involuntary behaviours.

• Classical conditioning involves involuntary behaviours, while operant conditioning involves voluntary behaviours.

• Both involve voluntary behaviours.

• Both involve involuntary behaviours.

What is negative reinforcement?

• Adding a negative stimulus to increase a behaviour

• Removing a positive stimulus to decrease a behaviour

• Adding a positive stimulus to increase a behaviour

• Removing a negative stimulus to increase a behaviour

In a token economy, what are tokens typically used for?

• To punish undesirable behaviours

• To reward desirable behaviours

• To measure intelligence

• To assess physical fitness

Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement?

• A student is given extra homework for talking in class.

• A child is given a sweet for completing their chores.

• A teenager has their phone taken away for missing curfew.

• A dog stops barking when it is ignored.

What is the main purpose of a "Skinner Box" in behavioural experiments?

• To measure the physiological responses of animals

• To study the effects of classical conditioning

• To observe and measure operant conditioning

• To test cognitive abilities in humans

Explain what is meant be classical conditioning. Use specific terminology.

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Explain the difference between negative reinforcement and punishment.

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