8th Grade Social Studies

What did historian Frederick Jackson Turner think was most important in the development of American history? (8.10.b)

• Voting Rights

• The Railroad

• The Frontier

• Cattle

Use the image to answer the question.

What were posters like this one meant to encourage? (8.10.a)

• gold mining

• enlistment in the army

• employment by the railroad

• settlement of western territories

According to the map, what happened in the United States between 1860 and 1890? (8.4)

• Ten new territories in the West became states.

• California, Oregon, and Texas became states.

• The United States added no new territories.

• Hawaii and Alaska became states.

What effects did Wild West shows such as Buffalo Bill’s have? Select the two correct answers. (8.10, 8.10.a)

• They portrayed the West inaccurately.

• They raised money to help new farmers.

• They created a unique American identity.

• They allowed actors to educate new settlers.

• They encouraged settlers to respect Native American land.

What is one way in which Native American ways of life changed as settlers moved west? (8.10.c)

• The transatlantic railroad ran through the homes of the largest Native American groups.

• Treaties removed the source of conflict between Native Americans and settlers.

• Native Americans were asked to share their cultures with the new settlers.

• Bison were hunted for profit and sport to the point of depletion.

What set the events of the Sand Creek Massacre in motion? (8.10.d)

• A rumor spread that Native Americans were responsible for the murder of a mining family.

• Native American leaders took the governor up on his offer of protection and food.

• Native American leaders voluntarily left Fort Lyon to relocate to Sand Creek.

• U.S. troops were sent to Sand Creek.

Why did the United States government break the Second Treaty of Fort Laramie? (8.10.d)

• General Custer was killed in battle.

• Gold was discovered in the Black Hills.

• Native American leaders threatened to start a war.

• Sitting Bull claimed the Montana Territory for the Sioux.

What were the consequences of the Dawes Act for Native Americans? Select the two correct answers. (8.10.d)

• Sitting Bull was arrested by the Bureau of Indian Affairs.

• The Sioux people tried to protect Sitting Bull from arrest.

• Native Americans had to abandon their communal way of life.

• American officials banned the Ghost Dance in Dakota Territory.

• Many Native Americans sold their land to white settlers for less than the land was worth.

Considering that nineteen soldiers were awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor after Wounded Knee, which statement most accurately describes how the United States government viewed the events that occurred there? (8.10.d)

• The Native Americans were defending themselves.

• The soldiers were acting in an unjust way.

• The soldiers acted in a reasonable way.

• The Native Americans fought bravely.

“The result is that to the frontier the American intellect owes its striking characteristics. That coarseness and strength combined with acuteness and inquisitiveness; that practical, inventive turn of mind, quick to find expedients; that masterful grasp of material things, lacking in the artistic but powerful to effect great ends; that restless, nervous energy; that dominant individualism, working for good and for evil, and withal that buoyancy and exuberance which comes with freedom—these are traits of the frontier, or traits called out elsewhere because of the existence of the frontier.” —Frederick Jackson Turner, “The Significance of the Frontier in American History”

According to Turner, what has the American intellect gained from the frontier? (8.10.b)

• great material wealth

• a grasp of artistic things

• strength and individualism

• knowledge of good versus evil