States of matter quiz

Which of the following lists the important characteristics of a solid material and contrasts a solid with a liquid?

• Solids have a definite shape and volume, while liquids have a definite volume but take the shape of their container.

• Solids and liquids both have a definite shape and volume.

• Solids have a definite shape but no definite volume, while liquids have no definite shape or volume.

• Solids and liquids both take the shape of their container.

Diffusion rates in gases and liquids are significantly greater than those in solid materials because:

• Gases and liquids have higher kinetic energy.

• Solids have a more rigid structure.

• Gases and liquids have lower density.

• Solids have stronger intermolecular forces.

Distinguish between primary and secondary chemical bonds in terms of bond energies and electron involvement.

• Primary bonds have higher bond energies and involve electron sharing or transfer, while secondary bonds have lower bond energies and involve weaker interactions.

• Primary bonds have lower bond energies and involve weaker interactions, while secondary bonds have higher bond energies and involve electron sharing or transfer.

• Both primary and secondary bonds have similar bond energies and electron involvement.

• Primary bonds involve only electron sharing, while secondary bonds involve only electron transfer.

Describe the essential features of the metallic bond, referring particularly to bond directionality, and electron involvement.

• Metallic bonds are characterized by a sea of delocalized electrons.

• Metallic bonds are highly directional.

• Electrons in metallic bonds are localized between atoms.

• Metallic bonds do not involve electrons.

Which of the following is an important feature of a “giant molecular” material?

• High melting and boiling points

• Low density

• Poor electrical conductivity

• Solubility in water

Distinguish between the terms “crystal lattice” and “crystal structure”.

• A crystal lattice is the arrangement of atoms in a crystal, while a crystal structure includes the lattice and the basis.

• A crystal lattice is the physical shape of a crystal, while a crystal structure is the chemical composition.

• A crystal lattice is the temperature at which a crystal forms, while a crystal structure is the pressure required.

• A crystal lattice is the color of a crystal, while a crystal structure is its transparency.

What are the essential features of non-crystalline materials?

• Lack of long-range order

• Presence of grain boundaries

• Periodic atomic arrangement

• High electrical conductivity

What is the primary reason for the high electrical conductivity in metals?

• Presence of free electrons

• High density

• Strong metallic bonds

• High melting points

Which of the following best describes the nature of ionic bonds?

• Transfer of electrons from one atom to another

• Sharing of electrons between atoms

• Delocalization of electrons

• Weak intermolecular forces

What is a key characteristic of covalent bonds?

• Sharing of electron pairs between atoms

• Transfer of electrons from one atom to another

• Presence of free electrons

• Formation of a sea of electrons