U2 AoS2 DP 2 Sensation, Perception, and Processing

Which of the following is not a stage of sensation?

• Transduction

• Reception

• Selection

• Transmission

Which of the following is not a stage of perception?

• Selection

• Organisation

• Reception

• Interpretation

Which of the following best defines the process of Reception?

• the sending of neural impulses to the brain

• sensory receptors converting energy into neural impulses

• sensory receptors at sense organs detecting and responding to stimulus energy

• feature cells filtering out impulses by selecting some, and ignoring others

The process of Organisation involves:

• the brain choosing to ignore some stimuli and focussing on others

• the brain giving meaning to the pattern that has been assembled

• the brain processing impulses that have been sent by sensory receptors

• the brain assembling chosen neural impulses into a pattern that can be recognised

Which of the following best describes the process of Transduction?

• Sensory receptors converting stimulus energy into electrochemical energy

• Sensory receptors ignoring some stimuli, and processing others

• The organisation of impulses so a pattern can be recognised

• When the brain relies on previous experiences to make sense of the stimuli being presented

Bottom-up processing involves:

• relying on previous experiences to interpret stimuli being encountered

• processing low level features of stimuli, and then building towards a complete understanding

• interpreting familiar and simple stimuli

• higher level cognitive processes (like expectations, or memories)

Top-down processing involves:

• beginning with the tiny details and then moving upwards to interpret the bigger picture

• interpreting unfamiliar or highly complex stimuli

• using an overall assumption about stimuli and using existing schema to fill the gaps

• no previous learning or expectations

Which of the following is an example of bottom-up processing?

• Seeing a new painting for the first time, and piecing together its meaning from the details

• Reading a paragraph quickly because you are familiar with the topic

• Identifying an object as a moving car before noticing its individual parts

• Finding a friends face amongst a crowd of people

Which of the following is an example of top-down processing?

• An artist examining brushstrokes to identify the painting style

• A scientist categorising a new species of animal by analysing each feature

• A child learning to write by copying each letter they see

• A person reading a scrambled word correctly

Zac is walking in a park and sees a furry, four legged animal with pointy ears and whiskers. Based on his past experience with animals, he recognises it is a cat without analysing each detail. What type of processing has Zac demonstrated?

• Top-down processing

• Bottom-up processing