The four butterflies in the illustration represent the offspring in the F 1 generation. Which statement is best supported by the phenotypes of these offspring?

The F 1 generation is the result of a dihybrid cross.

The F 1 generation is composed only of males.

Two of the offspring in the F 1 generation will not be able to reproduce.

Two of the offspring in the F 1 generation will experience a spontaneous mutation

During the final stages of human gestation, receptors for the hormone oxytocin increase on the smooth muscle cells of the uterus. The release of oxytocin during labor stimulates the smooth muscle tissue in the wall of the uterus. The vigorous contraction of the uterine smooth muscle helps push the baby through the birth canal so that delivery can occur. This process involves the interaction of which organ systems?

Endocrine, muscular, and reproductive

Endocrine and reproductive only

Endocrine, reproductive, and excretory

During meiosis, homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material. This exchange of genetic material

increases the genetic variation

reduces the diploid number to the haploid number

increases the haploid number to the diploid number

reduces the probability of mutations

The photograph shows monarch butterflies landing on plants where there are thousands of other monarch butterflies. These butterflies feed on milkweed plants as they travel south for the winter, covering distances of 5,000 km or more each year. However, the population of these butterflies has been steadily declining over the last 20 years. What is the most likely reason the population of these butterflies has been declining?

The number of milkweed plants along the butterflies’ migratory route as decreased.

The number of bird species evolving to prey on butterflies has increased.

The butterflies are evolving to tolerate cold weather in the northern United States and southern Canada.

The increase in yearly temperatures has warmed the northern habitats.

Bactrian camels, dromedaries, llamas, and alpacas are all members of the same taxonomic family, Camelidae. Members of this family all have two toes, no hooves, true canine teeth, and a split upper lip. The family Camelidae originated in North America. The physical features of animals in this family and the family’s geographical origin provide evidence that all these animals

live in the same type of ecosystem

have slowly evolved to become herbivores

exchanged DNA at some point in the past

Which statement best describes the relationship between the products of photosynthesis and the reactants in cellular respiration?

The products of photosynthesis serve as the reactants in cellular respiration to provide chemical energy.

The products of photosynthesis combine with the reactants in cellular respiration to remove ATP from cells.

The products of photosynthesis inhibit the reactants in cellular respiration in the presence of light.

The products of photosynthesis change the structure of the reactants in cellular respiration in the presence of light.

Health professionals sometimes recommend nutritional supplements that contain a variety of species of bacteria to promote good digestive health. The product label for one of these supplements is shown. Why does this type of bacteria-filled supplement benefit human health instead of causing illness?

The human digestive system contains billions of beneficial bacteria that enhance digestion and nutrient absorption, synthesize vitamins, and help limit the growth of harmful bacteria

Stomach acids and digestive enzymes kill the bacteria in this type of supplement, protecting the person against future infections by live organisms.

These species of bacteria remove all other species of microorganisms living in the human digestive system and ensure that no microorganisms survive to contaminate the body.

These bacteria are able to deactivate viruses that may inhabit the human digestive system and are used to protect against further viral infections.

The initial steps in gene expression are modeled. Double-stranded DNA first unwinds into two strands. Which process and product are represented in the diagrams?

Process: transcription; product: mRNA

Process: translation; product: protein

Process: replication; product: tRNA

Process: recombination; product: polymerase

During ecological succession, how does the growth of young hardwoods affect the organisms living in an ecosystem?

Grasses and low shrubs are unable to obtain the amount of light they need to survive, so there are small numbers of them.

The trees provide shelter and food for a variety of mammals, insects, and birds.

In autumn, falling leaves provide a source of energy for decomposers such as fungi.

Human bone, muscle, and nerve cells all contain the same number of chromosomes with the same complement of genes. What enables these cells to perform specialized activities?

The regulation of gene expression within each cell type

The ability of some cells to remove unnecessary DNA sequences

The mutation of genes within each cell type

The use of different methods of cell division

A prey population consists of individuals with a variety of running speeds. The adaptation that allows some of these animals to run fast would be an example of natural selection if it helps them--

reproduce and increase the frequency of their genes in the population

survive and undergo mutations in their DNA

lower the mortality rates of the population

produce offspring that run at average speeds

The quiver tree grows in desert areas in southern Africa. In recent decades average temperatures have been rising in southern Africa. Scientists predict that this warming trend will continue. Quiver trees in the hottest parts of their range near the equator are dying, but quiver trees at high elevations or in parts of the range that are farther from the equator are growing and reproducing. Which of these best explains what is happening to the quiver tree population in southern Africa?

Individual quiver trees are unable to adjust to the rising temperatures, and only those in cooler parts of the range will survive.

The quiver tree species is unable to survive rising temperatures throughout its range. The species is likely to undergo rapid extinction.

Individual quiver trees can quickly adapt to rising temperatures. Individual trees will change their method of seed dispersal in cooler parts of the range.

The quiver tree species will survive by producing offspring suited for warmer temperatures.

Scientists studying illnesses caused by chemically contaminated food conduct research to minimize the effects of these diseases on society. These chemicals harm the body through interactions between the digestive system and the immune system. Scientists conducting this research are likely to describe which of these interactions between the digestive and immune systems?

Chemicals enter the digestive system through contaminated foods. Once in the body, the chemical contaminants impair the body’s ability to fight off infectious diseases.

Chemicals enter the immune system through a break in the skin. The chemical contamination is then passed to the digestive system by the circulatory system.

The immune system transforms the chemicals in the contaminated foods into harmless chemicals. These harmless chemicals are then broken down by the digestive system.

When contaminated foods are eaten, the immune system prevents the chemicals from entering the digestive system.

Nitrogenous bases are located on both strands of the DNA double helix. What is the significance of the nitrogenous bases?

The order of nitrogenous bases determines the order of amino acids in the proteins synthesized.

The number of adenines and cytosines determines the type of RNA that will be produced.

The amount of thymine and guanine in the DNA molecules determines the length of the genes.

The type of hydrogen bonding between the nitrogenous bases determines which amino acid will be added to the peptide chain.

The diagram shows cellular activity across a cell membrane. Which two processes does this diagram most directly model?

Homeostasis and transport of molecules

Energy conversions and synthesis of new molecules

Synthesis of new molecules and homeostasis

Transport of molecules and energy conversions

In the early 1980s scientists were able to produce two biomolecules by splicing a human gene into the bacterium E. coli to make recombinant human insulin and growth hormone. Which statement best explains why this experiment was successful?

The genes for all organisms are composed of the same building blocks.

Human cells are eukaryotic, and E. coli cells are prokaryotic.

All living organisms share the same genome.

The human body contains many types of bacteria, including E. coli.

Part of a hydrothermal vent food web is represented in the diagram. Which organisms are both secondary and tertiary consumers in this food web?

Chemosynthetic bacteria and amphipods

Galatheid crabs and zoarcid fish

Cells pass through a G 2 checkpoint before entering mitosis. Ideally, if DNA damage is detected, the cells do not enter mitosis until the damage is repaired. Why is DNA damage repaired before cells enter mitosis?

So that healthy daughter cells are produced, allowing the organism to continue growing

So that another round of DNA synthesis does not have to take place

So that the chromosomes can align at the metaphase plate during mitosis

So that the cytoplasm can be divided equally between the two daughter cells

The picture shows a 3-D model of a virus called a bacteriophage. Bacteriophages can infect bacteria such as E. coli. In what way are the bacteriophage and E. coli alike?

They lack membrane-bound organelles.

This dichotomous key can be used to identify some conifers. Based on the key, which of these best describes the leaves and cones of the longleaf pine?

Needle-like straight leaves that are mostly over 25 cm long and found in clusters of three; no thorns on cones

Flattened and scale-like leaves that are mostly over 25 cm long; soft and leathery cones

Needle-like straight leaves with a length of 25 cm that are mostly found in clusters of five; thorny cones

Leaves with a length of 25 cm that are found in clusters of more than five; no thorns on cones

People who have Alzheimer’s disease experience an increasing loss of brain function and cognition over time. Alzheimer’s is characterized by a buildup of abnormal protein fragments that damage brain cells. Recently scientists have discovered an enzyme, BACE2, that decreases these abnormal protein fragments in the brain of a person with Alzheimer’s disease. Which statement explains how BACE2 most likely works?

BACE2 speeds up the reaction that breaks down the abnormal protein fragments.

BACE2 breaks down into smaller pieces that react with the abnormal protein fragments, forming more complex molecules.

BACE2 molecules link several abnormal protein fragments together, forming a complete protein.

BACE2 is a reactant that combines with the abnormal protein fragments.

The complex carbohydrates pictured below are made by linking molecules of glucose. In all three complex carbohydrates, the subunits of glucose are bonded together differently. Because they have different structures, they most likely —

contain different chemical elements

In 2010, scientists excavated a skull fossil that provides evidence of a newly discovered species of big cat. Based on the evidence, scientists hypothesize that big cats branched off from smaller wild cats about 6 million years ago. Which of these resources did the scientists most likely rely on to form their hypothesis?

The fossil record and DNA comparisons of big cats and small cats

A food web showing feeding relationships of organisms where the fossil skull was found

Population and migration data for small wild cats living in the ecosystem where the skull was found

The historical record of interactions between different species of big cats

Which of the following is most likely to cause the greatest disruption to an ecosystem?

Emptying an aquarium containing non-native species into a local waterway

Cutting down a small cedar tree to make holiday decorations

Cleaning the windshield of a car with an alcohol-based glass cleaner

The table lists and describes three types of cells from prepared slides that students observed with a microscope. Which of these sets of slides could students have used for their observations?

Squamous cell: cheek cell Erythrocyte: red blood cell Gamete: sperm cell

Squamous cell: cheek cell Erythrocyte: skin cell Gamete: ovum

Squamous cell: red blood cell Erythrocyte: white blood cell Gamete: sperm cell

Squamous cell: ovum cell Erythrocyte: white blood cell Gamete: skin cell

Which statement best describes the differences in species diversity between an ecosystem beginning the process of primary succession and one beginning the process of secondary succession?

Species diversity is greater in the ecosystem undergoing secondary succession because the soil already contains seeds and spores of various species.

Species diversity is much greater in the ecosystem undergoing primary succession because that ecosystem is experiencing a longer period with a lack of competition for space.

No differences in species diversity exist because both ecosystems initially lack living organisms.

Species diversity is much greater in the ecosystem undergoing primary succession because the lack of soil provides a greater area for organisms to claim niches.

The photograph shows a laboratory investigator examining samples of DNA in a procedure called PCR, or polymerase chain reaction. Using PCR, the investigator can create thousands or even millions of copies of a fragment of DNA for closer investigation. In which of these situations would PCR be most useful?

When only a small amount of DNA is available, such as at a crime scene

When the DNA of identical twins is being mapped

When the genome of a population is being analyzed for preventable diseases

When the blood type of a DNA donor is known

The graph models core body temperature during a rapid change in environmental conditions. Which statement explains the pattern in the graph?

Body temperature is controlled by an internal feedback mechanism.

Body temperature varies in a predictable pattern during the day.

Vasodilation and vasoconstriction are dependent on the time of day.

Vasodilation and vasoconstriction trigger an immediate increase in body temperature.

Atmospheric nitrogen has to be combined with other elements, or fixed, in order to be used by plants. Lightning is one way that nitrogen is fixed. When lightning occurs, the extreme heat breaks the bonds in nitrogen molecules, allowing nitrogen to combine with oxygen and form nitrogen oxides. In what way is most of the nitrogen fixed by lightning made available for use by plants?

It is carried by rain to the soil.

It is moved by the wind toward dry areas.

It is incorporated into the exoskeletons of flying insects that eat plants.

It is inhaled and exhaled by birds roosting in trees during rainstorms.

Plants called sundews have rounded green leaves with many hair-like structures. The ends of these structures contain enzymes in a sticky liquid that looks like nectar or moisture, as shown in the picture. The hairs do not react to dust or nonliving material but will bend inward when insects get caught in the sticky liquid. Sundews digest trapped insects over a period of a few days. Based on this information, what functions do the specialized leaves of sundews perform?

Provide nutrients to the plant and respond to stimuli

Provide water to the plant and perform photosynthesis

Respond to stimuli and anchor the plant

Release pollen to insects and perform photosynthesis

Oncogenes are mutated forms of genes. Oncogenes can transform a cell into a tumor cell. Some tumor cells are benign, while others are malignant. How does the presence of an oncogene lead to the formation of a tumor?

Somatic cell growth is inhibited.

Antibody activity is unregulated.

Scientists around the world use a standardized taxonomic system. Why would scientists want to use a taxonomic system that is standardized?

In order to avoid confusion with the identification of organisms

Because Linnaeus established the system

So that Latin names can be applied for a practical purpose

In order to place organisms in different groups

A student performed an investigation in which two ivy plants were planted in two separate containers. One of the containers had earthworms mixed in with the soil, and the other container had soil and no earthworms. The plants were given the same amount of water and exposed to the same amount of sunlight. The student observed that after several weeks of growth, the plant exposed to earthworms appeared to be healthier and exhibited more growth. To conclude that the relationship between the plant and the earthworm is an example of mutualism, the student must perform follow-up investigations that do which of the following?

Determine whether the earthworms benefit from being with the plant

Determine whether the earthworms damage the soil in any way

Determine whether the water given to the plant is unpolluted

Determine whether the other plant in the investigation suffers as a result of not being exposed to earthworms

Nudibranchs are marine gastropods that lack shells. Many of these gastropods retain the foul-tasting poisons of their prey and secrete them when threatened. The bright coloration of the nudibranchs warns predators to avoid them. Based on this information, how has adaptation allowed marine gastropods to be successful without a shell?

They are not attacked by most predators and are able to reproduce successfully.

They find enough food as they move through the marine environment.

They blend in with their environment to hide from their predators.

They have bright colors that attract a mate.

Biology STAAR Challenge

Quiz

•

Biology

•

9th Grade

•

Practice Problem

•

Hard

•

NGSS

HS-LS1-1, HS-LS4-2, HS-LS3-2

+22

Standards-aligned

Joann Tanzer

Used 252+ times

FREE Resource

54 questions

Show all answers

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 1 pt

The four butterflies in the illustration represent the offspring in the F₁ generation. Which statement is best supported by the phenotypes of these offspring?

The F₁ generation is composed only of males.

Two of the offspring in the F₁ generation will not be able to reproduce.

The F₁ generation is the result of a dihybrid cross.

Two of the offspring in the F₁ generation will experience a spontaneous mutation

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 1 pt

The 1918 influenza epidemic killed between 50 million and 100 million people worldwide. THis epidemic happened near the end of World War I. More people died from the influenza epidemic than were killed in the war. Which of the following explains why this virus was so deadly worldwide?

Infected soldiers returning from the war spread the virus when they coughed.

Food was scarce because of the war, so people were undernourished, and their immune systems were weakened.

Medical personnel often became ill as a result of exposure to airborne virus particles.

All of the above

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 1 pt

The amount of energy the producers in this energy pyramid provide the primary consumer is 54,000 joules. From this amount, 540 joules are provided to the tertiary consumers. Based on this model, how much of the energy was provided to secondary consumers?

53,460 J

5,400 J

540 J

54 J

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 1 pt

The survival of a species depends on its ability to adapt to changes in the environment. A species must be capable of surviving and reproducing despite changes to food sources, climate, or threats from predators. Which statement correctly describes a way that mutations increase the likelihood that a species will survive in a changing environment?

Mutations are a source of variation in species.

Mutations are the cause of disease in the species.

Mutations are not harmful when they occur in somatic cells of the species.

Mutations are always passed on to subsequent generations of the species.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-4

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 1 pt

The diagram represents one way an enzyme can be inhibited. Which statement explains the effect of an inhibitor on an enzyme?

A substrate will be able to bond with the enzyme.

The enzyme will likely be attacked by immune cells

The enzyme will be unable to produce more enzymes.

A substrate will be unable to attach to the enzyme.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 1 pt

Four different nucleotides are used as building blocks of DNA. Which of the following can be used to distinguish one nucleotide from another?

The nitrogenous base

The shape of the deoxyribose sugar

The length of the phosphate group

The type of fatty acid

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 1 pt

The green frog (Lithobates clamitans clamitans) is found in many parts of the United States. The table contains some information about this frog. Why does the ability to lay 1,000 to 5,000 eggs increase the fitness of the species L. clamitans clamitans?

It increases opportunities for offspring to compete for limited resources.

It increases the probability that some offspring will survive long enough to reproduce.

It increases the probability that moving water will promote gene flow from one population to another.

It increases the chance of the recombination of alleles, leading to genetic drift in the population.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

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Biology STAAR Challenge

54 questions

The four butterflies in the illustration represent the offspring in the F1 generation. Which statement is best supported by the phenotypes of these offspring?

The 1918 influenza epidemic killed between 50 million and 100 million people worldwide. THis epidemic happened near the end of World War I. More people died from the influenza epidemic than were killed in the war. Which of the following explains why this virus was so deadly worldwide?

The amount of energy the producers in this energy pyramid provide the primary consumer is 54,000 joules. From this amount, 540 joules are provided to the tertiary consumers. Based on this model, how much of the energy was provided to secondary consumers?

The diagram represents one way an enzyme can be inhibited. Which statement explains the effect of an inhibitor on an enzyme?

Four different nucleotides are used as building blocks of DNA. Which of the following can be used to distinguish one nucleotide from another?

The green frog (Lithobates clamitans clamitans) is found in many parts of the United States. The table contains some information about this frog. Why does the ability to lay 1,000 to 5,000 eggs increase the fitness of the species L. clamitans clamitans?

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The four butterflies in the illustration represent the offspring in the F₁ generation. Which statement is best supported by the phenotypes of these offspring?