Pathology Basics

What are the mechanisms of cell injury?

• Direct physical damage, radiation, toxins, lack of oxygen, inflammation, and infections

• Chemical exposure, genetic mutations, excessive hydration

Describe the process of inflammation and repair.

• Inflammation is caused by lack of blood flow

• Repair involves releasing more inflammatory mediators

• Immune cells are not involved in the process of inflammation

• The process of inflammation involves increased blood flow, immune cell recruitment, and release of inflammatory mediators. Repair includes tissue regeneration and remodeling to restore normal function.

What are the basics of neoplasia?

• Suppression of angiogenesis and metastasis

• Uncontrolled cell proliferation, evasion of cell death mechanisms, angiogenesis induction, invasion, and metastasis

• Controlled cell proliferation and cell death mechanisms

• Limited cell growth and invasion

Provide an overview of genetic disorders.

• Genetic disorders have no impact on health or development.

• Genetic disorders are conditions caused by changes or mutations in an individual's DNA, which can be inherited or occur spontaneously, impacting health and development.

• Genetic disorders are caused by environmental factors only.

• Genetic disorders are always curable with medication.

How do infectious diseases impact the body?

• Infectious diseases impact the body by reducing the risk of other illnesses.

• Infectious diseases impact the body by invading and multiplying within the body's cells, causing damage to tissues and organs, triggering immune responses, and potentially leading to symptoms such as fever, fatigue, and inflammation.

• Infectious diseases impact the body by promoting longevity and vitality.

• Infectious diseases impact the body by enhancing overall health and well-being.

What are the different types of cell injury mechanisms?

• Biological agents

• Environmental factors

• Psychological stress

• Physical agents, radiation, chemical agents, infectious agents, immunologic reactions, genetic derangements, nutritional imbalances, aging

Explain the role of inflammation in the body.

• Inflammation is caused by excessive sugar intake

• Inflammation is a sign of a weak immune system

• Inflammation always leads to chronic diseases

• Inflammation is a natural response of the immune system to injury or infection, aiding in fighting off harmful stimuli and promoting healing.

What are the characteristics of neoplasia?

• Uncontrolled proliferation, lack of differentiation, local invasion, potential for metastasis

• Controlled proliferation, low differentiation, local invasion, potential for metastasis

• Controlled proliferation, high differentiation, no invasion, no potential for metastasis

• Uncontrolled growth, high differentiation, distant invasion, potential for metastasis

How do genetic disorders manifest in individuals?

• Abnormalities or mutations in DNA affecting protein structure or function

• Genetic disorders only affect physical appearance

• Genetic disorders have no impact on protein structure

• Genetic disorders are caused by environmental factors

Discuss the impact of infectious diseases on public health.

• Public health is not affected by outbreaks of infectious diseases

• Infectious diseases can have a significant impact on public health by causing illness, disability, and even death. They can lead to outbreaks and pandemics, putting strain on healthcare systems and economies. Prevention measures such as vaccinations, sanitation, and public health campaigns are crucial in controlling the spread of infectious diseases.

• Prevention measures for infectious diseases are unnecessary

• Infectious diseases have no impact on public health