Stage 2 Psychology - The Psychology of Learning #5

What was the primary aim of Watson and Rayner’s Little Albert study?

• To investigate the effects of operant conditioning on behaviour

• To explore the principles of classical conditioning in humans

• To study the impact of reinforcement on learning

• To examine the role of genetics in behaviour

In the context of classical conditioning, what is an unconditioned stimulus (UCS)?

• A stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response

• A previously neutral stimulus that, after association, triggers a response

• A learned response to a previously neutral stimulus

• A stimulus that has no effect on behaviour

Which of the following best describes the concept of learned helplessness as demonstrated by Seligman?

• The tendency to give up after repeated failures

• The ability to learn new behaviours through observation

• The process of learning through reinforcement and punishment

• The natural response to a conditioned stimulus

What was the main finding of Bandura, Ross, and Ross’s Bobo doll study?

• Children learn aggressive behaviours through direct reinforcement

• Children learn aggressive behaviours through observation and imitation

• Aggression is an innate behaviour that cannot be learned

• Aggression is primarily influenced by genetic factors

Which of the following is an ethical concern related to Watson and Rayner’s Little Albert study?

• The use of deception in the experiment

• The lack of informed consent from the participant

• The use of animals in the study

• The lack of a control group

In classical conditioning, what is the conditioned response (CR)?

• A natural reaction to an unconditioned stimulus

• A learned reaction to a conditioned stimulus

• A neutral reaction to a neutral stimulus

• A spontaneous reaction to a novel stimulus

Which principle of social learning theory is demonstrated by the Bobo doll experiment?

• Reinforcement

• Punishment

• Modelling

• Extinction

What ethical principle was violated in Seligman’s learned helplessness experiment?

• Confidentiality

• Right to withdraw

• Protection from harm

• Debriefing

In the context of aggression and social learning, what does the term "vicarious reinforcement" mean?

• Learning through direct reinforcement

• Learning through observing the consequences of others' actions

• Learning through punishment

• Learning through trial and error

Which of the following best describes the concept of extinction in classical conditioning?

• The strengthening of a conditioned response

• The gradual weakening and disappearance of a conditioned response

• The initial learning of the conditioned response

• The spontaneous recovery of a conditioned response