According to Krashen’s Input Hypothesis, what type of language input is most effective for language acquisition

• a) Input that is below the learner’s current proficiency level

• b) Input that is slightly above the learner’s current proficiency level (i+1)

• c) Explicit instruction and grammar exercises

• d) Input that is overly complex and challenging

Second language (L2) acquisition often involves:

• a) Subconscious learning processes only.

• b) Formal instruction and explicit learning

• c) Imitation and positive reinforcement exclusively

• d) Innate mechanisms without the need for any formal education

What is a key difference between L1 and L2 acquisition in terms of motivation?

• a) Motivation in L1 is driven by formal education, while in L2 it is always intrinsic.

• b) L1 motivation is biologically driven, while L2 motivation can be influenced by personal goals and external factors.

• c) L1 motivation is external, while L2 motivation is always innate.

• d) There is no difference in motivation between L1 and L2 acquisition.

Which of the following is an example of syntax in language?

• a) The rules for word order in a sentence

• b) The sounds used to produce speech

• c) The meanings of individual words

• d) The use of language in social contexts

Semantics focuses on:

• a) The physical sounds of speech

• b) The grammatical structure of sentences

• c) The meanings of words, phrases, and sentences

• d) The social and contextual use of language

Krashen’s Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis distinguishes between which two processes?

• a) Acquisition and translation

• b) Acquisition and memorization

• c) Acquisition and learning

• d) Acquisition and repetition

In L1 acquisition, errors made by children are typically:

• a) Strictly corrected by caregivers

• b) Ignored by caregivers, fostering natural development

• c) Seen as signs of failure

• d) Corrected by formal teachers in a classroom setting

What aspect of language does phonetics study?

• a) Word meaning

• b) Sentence structure

• c) Speech sounds and how they are produced

• d) The function of language in communication

Which statement best reflects the role of the “monitor” in Krashen’s Monitor Hypothesis?

• a) It is the main tool for language acquisition.

• b) It helps in error correction but is secondary to natural language acquisition.

• c) It eliminates the need for comprehensible input.

• d) It is irrelevant to language proficiency.

Pragmatics is the study of:

• a) The formation of sounds in language

• b) The meanings of words independent of context

• c) The use of language in social contexts and the interpretation of meaning based on context

• d) The arrangement of words in sentences