Islam and its origin (Caliphates)

What is the meaning of the term 'monotheistic' in the context of Islam?

• Belief in many gods

• Belief in one God

• Belief in nature

• Belief in spirits

Who is considered the founder of Islam?

• Abu Bakr

• Umar

• Ali

• Muhammad

What is the most sacred religious text of Islam?

• Bible

• Torah

• Quran

• Vedas

In which cities did Islam originate?

• Cairo and Alexandria

• Baghdad and Damascus

• Mecca and Medina

• Istanbul and Ankara

What event marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar?

• Birth of Muhammad

• The conquest of Mecca

• The Hegira (migration from Mecca to Medina)

• The first revelation to Muhammad

What is the term used for the leader of a caliphate?

• Sultan

• Emir

• Caliph

• Imam

Which dynasty established the first Caliphate?

• Abbasid

• Fatimid

• Umayyad

• Rashidun

Which city was the capital of the Umayyad Caliphate?

• Baghdad

• Mecca

• Damascus

• Medina

Who was the Ottoman ruler that unified the Muslim world and claimed the title of Caliph?

• Suleiman the Magnificent

• Selim I

• Murad I

• Mehmed II

Which event marked the decline of the Ottoman Empire as a global power?

• The Peace of Westphalia

• The Industrial Revolution

• The conquest of Edirne

• The fall of Constantinople