ES Vocab Chapter 1

Science

• The orderly pursuit of knowledge, relying on observations that test hypotheses in order to answer questions.

• Making an observation or obtaining a particular result consistently.

• Also known as the response variable; is one affected by other variables.

• Overarching models of the world that shape our worldviews and guide our interpretation of how things are.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-2

reproducibility

• Making an observation or obtaining a particular result consistently.

• Repeating studies or tests.

• “Top down” reasoning in which we start with a general principle and derive a testable prediction about a specific case.

• A design in which researchers don’t know which subjects were given experimental treatment until after data have been gathered and analyzed.

replication

• Repeating studies or tests.

• A conditional explanation that can be verified or falsified by observation or experimentation.

• The orderly pursuit of knowledge, relying on observations that test hypotheses in order to answer questions.

• Independent variables that help explain differences in the dependent variable.

deductive reasoning

• “Top down” reasoning in which we start with a general principle and derive a testable prediction about a specific case.

• “Bottom-up” reasoning in which we study specific examples and try to discover patterns and derive general explanations from collected observations.

• The orderly pursuit of knowledge, relying on observations that test hypotheses in order to answer questions.

• Neither the subject (participant) nor the experimenter knows which participants are receiving the experimental or the control treatments until after data have been gathered and analyzed.

inductive reasoning

• “Bottom-up” reasoning in which we study specific examples and try to discover patterns and derive general explanations from collected observations.

• “Top down” reasoning in which we start with a general principle and derive a testable prediction about a specific case.

• A conditional explanation that can be verified or falsified by observation or experimentation.

• Altering a particular factor for a test or experiment while holding all others (as much as possible) constant.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

hypothesis

• A conditional explanation that can be verified or falsified by observation or experimentation.

• An explanation or idea accepted by a substantial number of scientists.

• a relationship between two variables in which one variable increases as the other decreases

• A design in which researchers don’t know which subjects were given experimental treatment until after data have been gathered and analyzed.

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-2

scientific theory

• An explanation or idea accepted by a substantial number of scientists.

• Observation of natural events to deduce causal relationships.

• The orderly pursuit of knowledge, relying on observations that test hypotheses in order to answer questions.

• a study which compares a treatment (exposed) group and a control (unexposed) group

histogram

• A bar graph, generally with upright bars.

• Observation of natural events to deduce causal relationships.

• A design in which researchers don’t know which subjects were given experimental treatment until after data have been gathered and analyzed.

• Making an observation or obtaining a particular result consistently.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-1

negative relationship

• a relationship between two variables in which one variable increases as the other decreases

• a relationship between two variables in which both variable increases

• a study which compares a treatment (exposed) group and a control (unexposed) group

• “Top down” reasoning in which we start with a general principle and derive a testable prediction about a specific case.

natural experiment

• Observation of natural events to deduce causal relationships.

• a study which compares a treatment (exposed) group and a control (unexposed) group

• A design in which researchers don’t know which subjects were given experimental treatment until after data have been gathered and analyzed.

• Also known as the response variable; is one affected by other variables.