Justified True Belief (JTB) Model of Knowledge

According to the JTB model, which of the following is NOT a requirement for knowledge?

• • A) The belief must be true.

• • B) The belief must be justified.

• • C) The belief must be infallible.

• • D) The belief must be held by the individual.

Which of the following best describes the role of "justification" in the JTB model?

• • A) It proves that a belief is universally accepted.

• • B) It provides evidence or reasons for the belief.

• • C) It ensures that a belief is emotional.

• • D) It validates that a belief is intuitive.

In the context of JTB, what does it mean for a belief to be "true"?

• • A) The belief is widely accepted by society.

• B) The belief is supported by multiple people.

• C) The belief corresponds to reality or facts.

• D) The belief is coherent with other beliefs.

What does the Gettier problem / counterexamples challenge?

• • A) The coherence of the belief system.

• • B) The necessity of truth in knowledge.

• • C) The sufficiency of the JTB model for defining knowledge.

• • D) The role of emotions in forming beliefs.

Which of the following is a key feature of a Gettier case?

• • A) The individual’s belief is false but justified.

• • B) The individual’s belief is true but not justified.

• • C) The individual’s belief is true because of divine intervention.

• • D) The individual has a justified true belief that is true by coincidence.

In a typical Gettier case, what causes the problem with the JTB model?

• • A) The belief is not justified.

• • B) The justification is flawed or misleading.

• • C) The belief is not true.

• • D) The belief is not held by the individual.

How did Gettier's examples impact the philosophical understanding of knowledge?

• • A) They reinforced the JTB model as the only valid definition of knowledge.

• • B) They showed that knowledge can be based on intuition rather than evidence.

• • C) They demonstrated that the JTB model is not sufficient to define knowledge.

• • D) They proved that beliefs do not need to be justified to be considered knowledge.

Which of the following statements is true about the Gettier problem?

• • A) It argues that justification is irrelevant to knowledge.

• B) It suggests that truth is unnecessary for knowledge.

• • C) It supports the idea that all justified true beliefs are knowledge.

• • D) It presents scenarios where individuals have justified true beliefs that are not knowledge.

The Broken Speedometer

Scenario:
John is driving to work and glances at his car's speedometer, which reads exactly 55 mph. John knows that he set his cruise control to 55 mph, so he believes he's driving at that speed. However, John doesn't know that his speedometer is broken and stuck at 55 mph. Coincidentally, at the moment he looked, his car was actually going 55 mph due to the cruise control.

This does not constitute "knowledge" according to JTB model :

• • A) Because John's speedometer is broken, his belief is not justified.

• • B) Because John's speed is not exactly 55 mph at all times.
    
    

• • C) Because John's belief is based on a false premise.

• • D) Because the belief is true only by coincidence, not because of the justification John has.

Fire in the forest

Scenario: A fire has just been lit to roast some meat. The fire hasn’t started sending up any smoke, but the smell of the meat has attracted a cloud of insects. From a distance, an observer sees the dark swarm above the horizon and mistakes it for smoke. "There’s a fire burning at that spot," the distant observer says.

Does the observer know that there is a fire burning in the distance?

Answer explanation

No, because the observer was right due to coincidence and his justification was flawed.

Additional Reading:

https://webpages.uidaho.edu/~morourke/524-phil/Handouts/Philosophical/GettierCases-Phil524.htm

https://soycrates.tumblr.com/post/95770771003/edmund-gettiers-is-justified-true-belief