Exploring Alkanes: Structure and Uses

What is the general formula for alkanes?

• CnH2n

• CnH(2n+2)

• CnH2n-2

• C(n-1)H(2n+1)

Describe the structure of alkanes in terms of bonding.

• Alkanes have a cyclic structure with double bonds between carbon atoms.

• Alkanes have a chain or branched structure with carbon atoms bonded by single covalent bonds (sigma bonds) to each other and to hydrogen atoms.

• Alkanes consist of only carbon atoms with no hydrogen atoms attached.

• Alkanes are composed of carbon atoms bonded by triple bonds to each other.

What type of hybridization occurs in the carbon atoms of alkanes?

• sp2 hybridization

• sp hybridization

• d2sp3 hybridization

• sp3 hybridization

How many carbon atoms are in the alkane known as butane?

• 8

• 6

• 2

• 4

What is the IUPAC name for the alkane with the formula C5H12?

• propane

• pentane

• hexane

• butane

Explain the significance of the prefix 'iso' in alkane nomenclature.

• The prefix 'iso' refers to the molecular weight of the alkane.

• The prefix 'iso' signifies a branched structure in alkanes, indicating isomerism.

• The prefix 'iso' indicates a linear structure in alkanes.

• 'Iso' is used to denote the presence of double bonds in alkanes.

What is the difference between a straight-chain alkane and a branched alkane?

• A straight-chain alkane has a cyclic structure, while a branched alkane is always linear.

• Both straight-chain and branched alkanes have the same structure but differ in molecular weight.

• A straight-chain alkane has a linear structure, whereas a branched alkane has one or more branches off the main carbon chain.

• A straight-chain alkane contains only one carbon atom, whereas a branched alkane contains two or more.

How many structural isomers can exist for pentane?

• 4

• 2

• 5

• 3

What is the term used to describe compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures?

• Isomers

• Analogues

• Conformers

• Homologs

List two common uses of alkanes in everyday life.

• Food preservatives (e.g., butane)

• Cosmetics (e.g., octane)

• Plastic production (e.g., polyethylene)

• 1. Fuels (e.g., methane for heating) 2. Solvents (e.g., hexane in laboratories)