Which geographic feature was most crucial for the development of early civilizations?

• Mountains

• Rivers

• Deserts

• Forests

The term "city-state" is best described as:

• A large kingdom with multiple cities

• An independent city that governs itself and its surrounding territory

• A small village dependent on a larger empire

• A rural area with scattered villages

Which of the following is an example of a theocracy?

• A government ruled by religious leaders

• A government where citizens vote on laws

• A government controlled by military leaders

• A government led by a king or queen

The Code of Hammurabi is an example of:

• A religious text

• A set of laws

• A type of currency

• A form of art

Which civilization is known for its advancements in cuneiform writing?

• Egypt

• Mesopotamia

• China

• India

Which religion originated in the Indus Valley Civilization?

• Buddhism

• Hinduism

• Judaism

• Christianity

Which term refers to the belief in many gods?

• Monotheism

• Polytheism

• Atheism

• Pantheism

Which ancient civilization was located in the Nile River Valley?

• Mesopotamia

• Egypt

• China

• Greece

Which of the following best describes the Mandate of Heaven?

• A divine right to rule granted by the gods

• A type of written law code

• A philosophy of balance and harmony

• A religious practice in ancient India

The earliest form of writing, developed by the Sumerians, is known as