Module 2 Vocabulary

Who were the Vikings?

• The Vikings were ancient Egyptians known for their pyramids.
• The Vikings were a group of Native Americans from North America.
• The Vikings were medieval knights from England.
• The Vikings were the first Europeans to reach North America.

What does it mean to circumnavigate?

• To travel all the way around the world.

• To walk in a straight line around something.
• To fly over something without touching it.
• To travel halfway around something.

What was the Line of Demarcation?

• A geographical feature in South America.
• A trade agreement between France and England.
• A boundary to divide Spanish and Portuguese territories.

• A military strategy used by Spain against Portugal.

What was the Treaty of Tordesillas?

• A treaty between France and England regarding trade routes.
• An agreement that established the boundaries of the Roman Empire.
• A document outlining the rules of maritime navigation.
• An agreement between Spain and Portugal dividing newly discovered lands.

What was the Columbian Exchange?

• The transfer of goods and ideas between the New and Old World.

• The migration of Native Americans to Europe.
• The introduction of European languages to the Americas.
• A trade agreement between European countries.

Who were conquistadors?

• Italian merchants who traded in the Americas.
• French explorers who mapped the Pacific coast.
• Spanish soldiers who conquered large parts of the Americas.

• Portuguese sailors who discovered Brazil.

What was the Encomienda System?

• A trade agreement between Spain and indigenous tribes.
• A labor system that allowed Spanish settlers to enslave indigenous people.

• A system for distributing land to Spanish settlers.
• A religious conversion program for indigenous people.

What were plantations?

• Plantations were small family-owned farms.
• Plantations were urban centers for trade and commerce.
• Plantations were government-owned agricultural lands.
• Plantations were large farms that specialized in the production of cash crops.

What was the Protestant Reformation?

• A series of treaties that ended religious conflicts in Europe.
• A movement to establish the Church of England as the only church.
• Movement to reform the Roman Catholic Church.

• A 17th-century war between Catholics and Protestants.

What was the Northwest Passage?

• A nonexistent sea route connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans through the Arctic.

• A historical trade route in the Mediterranean.
• A land route connecting Europe and Asia.
• A river system in North America.