Exploring Advanced Biology Concepts

Explain how the structure of the cell membrane contributes to its function in regulating the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

• The cell membrane is rigid and impermeable, preventing any substances from entering or leaving the cell.

• The cell membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins, allowing selective permeability.

• The cell membrane is a single layer of lipids, which allows all substances to pass freely.

• The cell membrane is composed of carbohydrates, which provide structural support and prevent substance movement.

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DOK Level 3: Strategic Thinking

Design an experiment to determine the effect of a specific gene on the development of a particular trait in a model organism.

• Observe the trait in a population of organisms without any genetic manipulation.

• Use CRISPR-Cas9 to knock out the gene in question and compare the trait development with a control group.

• Measure the expression levels of the gene in different tissues of the organism.

• Sequence the genome of the organism to identify the presence of the gene.

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DOK Level 3: Strategic Thinking

Analyze the potential ethical implications of using genetic engineering to modify human embryos.

• Genetic engineering in human embryos is universally accepted and poses no ethical concerns.

• Genetic engineering in human embryos can lead to unintended consequences and raises concerns about designer babies.

• Genetic engineering in human embryos is only used to treat diseases and has no ethical implications.

• Genetic engineering in human embryos is banned worldwide and is not a topic of ethical debate.

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DOK Level 3: Strategic Thinking

Evaluate the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis and how their dysfunction can lead to disease.

• Ribosomes are involved in lipid synthesis, and their dysfunction leads to cardiovascular diseases.

• Ribosomes synthesize proteins, and their dysfunction can result in diseases such as ribosomopathies.

• Ribosomes are responsible for DNA replication, and their dysfunction causes genetic disorders.

• Ribosomes are involved in carbohydrate metabolism, and their dysfunction leads to diabetes.

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DOK Level 3: Strategic Thinking

Propose a method to identify carriers of a recessive genetic disorder in a population.

• Perform a physical examination of individuals in the population.

• Use pedigree analysis and genetic testing to identify carriers.

• Observe the physical traits of individuals to determine carrier status.

• Conduct a survey to ask individuals if they are carriers.

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DOK Level 3: Strategic Thinking

Discuss the impact of gene flow on the genetic diversity of a population.

• Gene flow decreases genetic diversity by isolating populations.

• Gene flow increases genetic diversity by introducing new alleles into a population.

• Gene flow has no impact on genetic diversity.

• Gene flow only affects genetic diversity in plants, not animals.

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DOK Level 3: Strategic Thinking

Explain how the principles of Mendelian genetics can be applied to predict the outcome of a dihybrid cross.

• Mendelian genetics cannot be applied to dihybrid crosses.

• The principles of Mendelian genetics, such as the law of independent assortment, can be used to predict the phenotypic ratios of offspring.

• Mendelian genetics only applies to monohybrid crosses.

• The principles of Mendelian genetics predict that all offspring will have the same phenotype.

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DOK Level 3: Strategic Thinking

Evaluate the potential benefits and risks of using genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in agriculture.

• GMOs have no benefits and pose significant risks to human health.

• GMOs can increase crop yields and resistance to pests, but may also lead to environmental and health concerns.

• GMOs are only beneficial for large-scale farming and have no risks.

• GMOs are banned in all countries due to their risks.

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DOK Level 3: Strategic Thinking

Analyze the role of mitochondria in cellular respiration and how mitochondrial dysfunction can affect cellular energy production.

• Mitochondria are involved in photosynthesis, and their dysfunction leads to reduced glucose production.

• Mitochondria generate ATP through cellular respiration, and their dysfunction can result in decreased energy production and diseases such as mitochondrial myopathies.

• Mitochondria store genetic information, and their dysfunction causes genetic mutations.

• Mitochondria are responsible for protein synthesis, and their dysfunction leads to protein deficiencies.

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DOK Level 3: Strategic Thinking

Propose a strategy to use gene therapy to treat a genetic disorder caused by a single gene mutation.

• Administer antibiotics to the patient to target the mutated gene.

• Use viral vectors to deliver a functional copy of the gene to the patient's cells.

• Perform surgery to remove the affected tissue.

• Use chemotherapy to target the mutated gene.

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DOK Level 3: Strategic Thinking