Which of these are appropriate explanations of 'presenting'?

• Presenting can be an important final stage of the writing process.

• Presenting always involves learning a piece of writing off by heart.

• Presenting can be a way of sharing information with others.

• Presenting involves speaking in front of others and listening to others.

Answer explanation

Presenting does not necessarily involve learning a piece of writing off by heart. We may have our text in front of us to refer to.

Match the presenting techniques to their definitions:

• eye contact

• involves speaking powerfully and clearly

• body language

• how we use our posture and gestures to convey meaning

• diction

• involves looking into the eyes of the people in our audience

• projection

• involves pronouncing words clearly

Answer explanation

Each of these techniques enable us to speak clearly and calmly and to engage with our audience.

Fill in the gap. 'When projecting our voices, we need to use deep breaths and use the __________ in our stomachs to help us speak.'

• muscles

• butterflies

• feelings

Answer explanation

Using our stomach muscles when speaking helps us to speak in a confident voice without shouting.

Fill in the gap. '__________ involves pronouncing words clearly. It is very important because our audience needs to be able to understand what we are saying.'

• Projection

• Diction

• Eye contact

• Body language

Answer explanation

Diction involves pronouncing words clearly so that the audience can understand us easily.

Which of these are aspects of confident body language when presenting?

• shoulders back

• feet shoulder-width apart

• pronouncing words clearly

• chin up when speaking

Answer explanation

All three of these convey confidence and they are important when presenting.

Match the four pillars of Baghdad to their meanings:

• government

• welcoming

• community

• difficult to penetrate

• religion

• central to city

• defence

• symbolic of heavens and Earth

Answer explanation

The four pillars of Bagdad underpinned the city's design and structure.