Exploring the Respiratory System: Anatomy and Physiology

What is the primary function of the lungs?

• To absorb nutrients

• To facilitate gas exchange

• To produce mucus

• To filter blood

What role do the nose hairs play in the respiratory system?

• Warming the air

• Producing mucus

• Trapping large particles

• Humidifying the air

Which part of the respiratory system is responsible for preventing food from entering the nasopharynx?

• Epiglottis

• Uvula

• Laryngopharynx

• Soft palate

Which lung is more likely to receive an accidentally inhaled object and why?

• Right, because it is wider and more vertical

• Left, because it has more lobes

• Right, because it has fewer lobes

• Left, because it is larger

What happens to the diameter of airways when sympathetic nerves stimulate beta 2 adrenergic receptors?

• It remains the same

• It increases

• It fluctuates

• It decreases

What is the function of club cells in the bronchioles?

• Warming the air

• Protecting the bronchiolar epithelium

• Secreting mucus

• Filtering blood

What substance do type II pneumocytes secrete?

• Glycosaminoglycans

• Lysozyme

• Surfactant

• Mucus

How does the body remove tiny particles that reach the deep parts of the lungs?

• Through blood filtration

• Via the digestive system

• By coughing them up

• Using alveolar macrophages

What is the blood-gas barrier composed of?

• Pneumocytes and mucus

• Capillary walls and surfactant

• Pneumocytes, basement membrane, and capillary walls

• Club cells and endothelial cells

What is the main outcome of the gas exchange process in the lungs?

• Nitrogen is filtered out

• Oxygen diffuses into the blood

• Oxygen is expelled from the body

• Carbon dioxide is absorbed into the blood