What was a major reason for the European voyages of discovery?

• To find new lands for colonization

• To discover new trade routes for valuable Eastern products

• To spread Christianity

• To find treasure

Who sponsored many of the explorations during the Age of Discovery?

• Religious leaders

• European monarchs

• Merchants

• Explorers themselves

What event blocked key trade routes to India and China, prompting new explorations?

• The Black Death

• The capture of Constantinople by the Ottoman Empire

• The Hundred Years' War

• The fall of the Roman Empire

Which invention helped spread Renaissance ideas widely?

• The telescope

• The steam engine

• The printing press

• The compass

What did the Renaissance emphasize that challenged the Catholic Church's authority?

• Feudalism

• Secularism and humanism

• Monasticism

• Military conquest

Who was the German monk that criticized the Catholic Church and its practices?

• John Wycliffe

• Martin Luther

• Jan Hus

• Desiderius Erasmus

What document did Martin Luther post on a church door in 1517?

• The Magna Carta

• The Ninety-Five Theses

• The Declaration of Independence

• The Peace of Augsburg

What was the main criticism of the Catholic Church by Martin Luther?

• Its failure to support the Renaissance

• The sale of Indulgences and corruption

• Its support of feudalism

• Its opposition to exploration

What happened to Martin Luther after he was excommunicated by the Pope?

• He was celebrated as a hero

• His books were burned and he was declared an outlaw

• He was appointed a Church official

• He was sent on a new mission

Which English king broke away from the Catholic Church and established the Church of England?

• King Charles I

• King Henry VIII

• King Richard III

• King James I