Preliminary Exam in Tourism & Hospitality Marketing

    An inner drive that makes people take a specific plan of action to satisfy their needs. Hudson (2008) defines needs as the gap between what customers have and what they would like to have; they are as the force that arouses. kotler (2010) states that a need becomes a motive when it is aroused to a sufficient level of intensity that prompts a person to take action.

Hofstede defines as the collective mental programming of the human mind which distinguishes one group of people from another. This kind of programming influences patterns of thinking which are reflected in the meaning people attach to various aspects of life and become crystalized in the institutions of a society.

Needs/problem Recognition, informative search, Alternative evaluation, purchase Decision, Post-purchase evaluation

As defined in business dictionary.com, is an assessment of how well the delivered service conforms to the client's expectations. service business operators often assess this. it provided to their customers in order to improve their service, to quickly identify problems, and to better assess client satisfactions.

Is the process and activities people engage in when searching for, selecting, purchasing, using, evaluating, and disposing of products and services to satisfy their needs and desires (Belch and Belch 2008). Purchase decisions, especially for tourism products, are usually arrived at after a long and detailed process of information search, brand comparisons, and evaluation.

Is developing competitive positioning for the product and an appropriate marketing mix (Kotler et al. 2017)

Is practiced by companies with limited resources. it pursues getting a big share of a small market rather than a small share of a large market.

A company ignores market segmentation and goes after the entire market with only one market offer (Kotler et al. 2017) this look into what the market has in common and its designed to reach a huge number of buyers.

Is evaluates each segment's attractiveness and selecting one or more of these market segments in which to operate one's business (Kotler et al. 2017)

Is dividing the market into distinct groups that might require separate products and/ or marketing mixes (Kotler et al. 2017) is a subgroup of the hotel consumer market that shares similar characteristics and needs relevant to the purchase of a product, service, or experience.