Unit 0: Research Design and Statistics Quiz

Which research design involves manipulating an independent variable to observe its effect on a dependent variable?

• Correlational

• Descriptive

• Experimental

• Sampling

A researcher examines the relationship between hours studied and exam scores without manipulating either variable. What research design is being used?

• Experimental

• Correlational

• Descriptive

• Sampling

In a study where a researcher simply observes and records participants' behavior without any manipulation, which research design is being employed?

• Correlational

• Experimental

• Descriptive

• Sampling

Which sampling method ensures that every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected?

• Convenience sampling

• Random sampling

• Purposive sampling

• Systematic sampling

If a researcher selects participants based on their availability, which sampling method is being used?

• Convenience sampling

• Random sampling

• Stratified sampling

• Cluster sampling

In an experiment, the researcher manipulates the amount of study time (independent variable) to measure its effect on test performance (dependent variable). What is the independent variable?

• Test performance

• Amount of study time

• Participant's test anxiety

• Test difficulty

If the researcher measures the participants' performance on a test to determine the impact of study time, what is the dependent variable?

• Study time

• Test performance

• Test difficulty

• Researcher's expectations

What is the primary purpose of an operational definition in research?

• To ensure confidentiality of participants

• To clearly define how a variable will be measured or manipulated

• To generalize findings to a larger population

• To reduce experimenter bias

Which term describes the extent to which research findings can be applied to broader populations?

• Validity

• Reliability

• Generalizability

• Sensitivity

What ethical principle involves ensuring participants are fully informed about the nature of the research before agreeing to participate?

• Confidentiality

• Informed consent

• Protection from harm

• Right to withdraw