Cell Biology Quiz

Which of the following structures is primarily responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

• Nucleus

• Ribosome

• Mitochondrion

• Golgi apparatus

If the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) of a cell is damaged, which process is most likely to be affected?

• Lipid synthesis

• Protein synthesis

• DNA replication

• ATP production

Which of the following processes occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle?

• Mitosis

• Cytokinesis

• DNA replication

• Protein synthesis

A researcher observes a cell under a microscope and notices a high number of lysosomes. Which of the following is the most likely function of this cell?

• Protein synthesis

• Lipid storage

• Digestion and waste removal

• Cell division

The fluid mosaic model describes the structure of the plasma membrane as:

• A rigid, static layer of phospholipids.

• A fluid combination of lipids and proteins that can move laterally.

• A double layer of nucleic acids.

• A fixed array of proteins embedded in lipids.

Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

• Only eukaryotic cells have a cell membrane.

• Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells do not.

• Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

• Only prokaryotic cells perform cellular respiration.

Which of the following best describes the role of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?

• Synthesizing DNA

• Packaging and modifying proteins

• Producing ribosomes

• Generating ATP

Which type of cell junction allows ions and small molecules to pass directly between adjacent cells?

• Tight junctions

• Desmosomes

• Gap junctions

• Hemidesmosomes

Which organelle is primarily responsible for detoxifying harmful substances within a cell?

• Nucleus

• Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

• Mitochondrion

• Lysosome

In plant cells, which structure is responsible for storing water and maintaining turgor pressure?

• Chloroplast

• Central vacuole

• Mitochondrion

• Cell wall