Choose the correct selection to fill in the blanks:

Very long and large organic molecules called 1.______ are made of small units called monomers. Examples of the small units include:

1. Monosaccharides, which combine to form 2.__________, also known as 3. __________ (sugars).

2. Nucleotides monomers, which combine to form 4._________; and

3. amino acids, which are monomers that form 5.________.

• 1. 1. polymers

  2. 2. polysaccharides

  3. 3. carbohydrates

  4. 4. nucleic acids

  5. 5. proteins

• 1. 1. polymers

  2. 2. polysaccharides

  3. 3. carbohydrates

  4. 4. proteins

  5. 5. nucleic acids

• 1. 1. polysaccharides

  2. 2. polymers

  3. 3. nucleic acids

  4. 4. RNA and DNA

  5. 5. lipids

• 1. 1. polysaccharides

  2. 2. polyproteins

  3. 3. proteins

  4. 4. lipids

  5. 5. nucleic acids

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

The cell walls of a plant consist mostly of cellulose, a carbohydrate, which provides a strong structure. The cell membrane gets its structure primarily from lipids, and embedded proteins allow for material transport. Which of the following elements would be found in the highest amounts in both the cell wall and cell membrane? (Select 3)

Hint: Remember CHO, CHO, CHON, CHONP

• Carbon

• Oxygen

• Hydrogen

• Sodium

Answer explanation

CHO, CHO, CHON, CHONP

A store sells a variety of sets for building molecular models. The sets are described by the diagram below. Each circled letter represents a set of 6 model atoms of one element. For example, the circled letter 'P' represents a set with 6 model phosphorus atoms. The dark circles are carbon.

Kendra wishes to build a model of a carbohydrate molecule, ideally containing as many monomers as possible. Which set should she choose?

Hint: Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Which set contains the most of these atoms only?

• Set 1

• Set 2

• Set 3

• Set 4

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-1

Which of the following are functions of lipids? Choose three correct answers.

• Lipids form cell membranes.

• Lipids form bones and cartilage.

• Lipids form waxy leaf coverings.

• Lipids store long term energy in fat cells.

• Lipids form the exoskeletons of insects.

What are the effects of enzymes on chemical reactions? (Choose 3 answers).

• Enzymes increase the heat of reaction.

• Enzymes decrease the activation energy.

• Enzymes increase the rate of the reaction.

• Enzymes change the ideal pH for a reaction to proceed.

• Enzymes are activated by binding a specific substrate.

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-4

Most enzymes are (a)   . They speed up chemical reactions where substrates, also known as (b)   , are converted to (c)   . (d)   lower the amount of energy required for a reaction to take place, known as the (e)   .

• reactants
• _____

• products
• Enzymes
• activation energy
• proteins

Many cells make and use an enzyme, called catalase, to facilitate the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). The products of the decomposition are water (H₂O) and oxygen (O₂). Which of these changes to the cell would cause the greatest reduction in the activity of the enzyme catalase?

Hint: Use the picture - which of the following would cause a decrease in enzyme activity?

• A decrease in the concentration of hydrogen and oxygen

• An increase in the concentration of hydrogen peroxide

• An increase or decrease in pH beyond normal range

• A return of pH to the normal range

Which of the following are true regarding enzymes? Select 3.

• Enzymes are lipids that absorb energy in chemical reactions.

• Enzymes speed up the rate that substrates are converted to products.

• Enzymes can bind to any substrate.

• Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions.

• According to the "lock and key" theory: Enzymes are only activated by a specific substrate.

Which are the main points of the cell theory? Select all that apply.

• Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.

• New cells are produced from existing cells.

• All cells enclose their DNA within a nucleus.

• All living things are made up of cells.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-1

The invention of cell theory began with the invention of microscope. Which of the following instruments helped initiate cell theory?

• 
• 
• 
• 

Answer explanation

Microscopes allow you to study small organisms and particles such as cells and viruses.

Magnifying glasses are not used in the lab.

Bifocals are an archaic form of eyeglasses. These will not help you to see something as small as a cell.

Telescopes are for seeing things that are really far away such as stars and other galaxies.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-1

NGSS.MS-LS1-2