Exploring Informatics Concepts

What is the primary function of an operating system?

• To enhance the graphical user interface of applications.

• To store data permanently on hard drives.

• To provide internet connectivity to devices.

• The primary function of an operating system is to manage computer hardware and software resources.

Define the term 'algorithm' in the context of computer science.

• A type of hardware used in computers.

• A method for storing data in a database.

• A programming language used for web development.

• An algorithm is a finite sequence of well-defined instructions for solving a problem or performing a task.

What is the difference between RAM and ROM?

• RAM is used for permanent storage; ROM is used for temporary storage.

• RAM is volatile and used for temporary storage; ROM is non-volatile and used for permanent storage.

• RAM is non-volatile and used for permanent storage; ROM is volatile and used for temporary storage.

• RAM and ROM are both volatile and serve the same purpose.

Explain the concept of 'data structures' and give two examples.

• Hash Table - a data structure that implements an associative array abstract data type, a structure that can map keys to values.

• Two examples of data structures are: 1. Array - a collection of elements identified by index or key. 2. Linked List - a linear collection of data elements, where each element points to the next.

• Stack - a collection of elements with a last-in, first-out (LIFO) access pattern.

• Queue - a collection of elements with a first-in, first-out (FIFO) access pattern.

What is the purpose of a compiler in programming?

• To provide a user interface for programming languages.

• To debug code by identifying syntax errors.

• The purpose of a compiler is to convert high-level programming code into machine code.

• To optimize the performance of a program during execution.

Describe the role of a database management system (DBMS).

• A DBMS is primarily used for creating graphic designs.

• The main function of a DBMS is to store physical files on a server.

• The role of a DBMS is to manage and facilitate access to databases, ensuring data integrity, security, and efficient data operations.

• A DBMS is responsible for managing user interface design and layout.

What is the significance of the Internet Protocol (IP)?

• IP is primarily used for email communication.

• IP is a programming language for web development.

• The significance of the Internet Protocol (IP) lies in its role in addressing and routing data across networks, enabling communication between devices.

• IP ensures data is stored securely on devices.

Define 'machine learning' and its applications.

• Machine learning is a type of hardware technology.

• Machine learning has no real-world applications.

• Machine learning is only used in gaming.

• Machine learning has applications in various fields including healthcare (predictive analytics), finance (fraud detection), marketing (customer segmentation), autonomous vehicles (navigation), and natural language processing (chatbots and translation).

What are the main components of a computer network?

• Power supply units and cooling systems

• Devices, transmission media, network interface cards, and protocols.

• Routers, switches, and firewalls only

• Software applications and user interfaces

Explain the difference between software and hardware.

• Software is intangible programs that run on hardware, which consists of the physical components of a computer.

• Hardware refers to the programs that run on a computer.

• Hardware is the only component that can be upgraded.

• Software is the physical part of a computer.