What is the purpose of standardization in an experiment?

To ensure differences are due to variables under investigation

To reduce the cost of the experiment

To make the experiment more interesting

What does validity refer to in research?

Accuracy of what is being tested

Cost-effectiveness of the study

Where is a field experiment conducted?

In the normal environment for the participants

What does generalizability refer to in research?

Applying findings to other settings and populations

Improving the accuracy of the results

What does ecological validity refer to?

The extent to which findings generalize to other situations

The accuracy of the measurements

The cost-effectiveness of the study

What is a natural experiment?

An investigation looking for a causal relationship where the independent variable cannot be directly manipulated by the experimenter.

An investigation where the independent variable is directly manipulated by the experimenter.

An investigation that does not involve any variables.

An investigation that only uses qualitative data.

What is an uncontrolled variable?

A variable that may not have been identified and eliminated in an experiment, which can confuse the results.

A variable that is always identified and eliminated in an experiment.

A variable that is manipulated by the researcher.

A variable that is always constant.

What is a self-report?

A method such as a questionnaire or interview, which obtains data by asking participants to provide information about themselves.

A method that uses written questions.

A method that uses verbal questions asked directly.

A method that involves observing participants.

What are questionnaires?

Research methods that use written questions.

Research methods that use verbal questions asked directly.

Research methods that involve observing participants.

Research methods that use only qualitative data.

What are closed questions?

Questions that produce quantitative data with only a few stated alternative responses and no opportunity to expand on answers.

Questions that produce qualitative data with detailed answers.

Questions that are always open-ended.

Questions that do not produce any data.

What are open questions?

Questions that produce qualitative data with full and detailed answers in participants' own words.

Questions that produce quantitative data with only a few stated alternative responses.

Questions that do not produce any data.

Questions that are always closed-ended.

What is inter-rater reliability?

The extent to which two researchers interpreting qualitative responses in a questionnaire or interview will produce the same records from the same raw data.

The extent to which one researcher can interpret qualitative responses.

The extent to which qualitative data can be converted to quantitative data.

The extent to which a questionnaire can be repeated.

What is social desirability bias?

Trying to present oneself in the best light by determining what a test is asking.

Trying to present oneself in the worst light by determining what a test is asking.

Trying to present oneself in a neutral light by ignoring what a test is asking.

Trying to present oneself in a random light by guessing what a test is asking.

What are filler questions?

Items put into a questionnaire, interview, or test to disguise the aim of the study by hiding the important questions among irrelevant ones.

Items put into a questionnaire, interview, or test to highlight the important questions.

Items put into a questionnaire, interview, or test to confuse the participants.

Items put into a questionnaire, interview, or test to provide additional data.

What is an interview?

A research method that uses verbal questions asked directly (face to face, or on the phone).

A research method that uses written questions.

A research method that involves observing participants.

A research method that uses only quantitative data.

What is a structured interview?

Interview with questions in a fixed order which may be scripted.

Interview in which most questions depend on the respondent's answers.

Interview with a fixed list of open and closed questions.

Interview with no fixed questions and no specific order.

What characterizes an unstructured interview?

Interview in which most questions depend on the respondent's answers.

Interview with questions in a fixed order.

Interview with a fixed list of open and closed questions.

Interview with no questions at all.

What is a semi-structured interview?

Interview with a fixed list of open and closed questions, with the possibility to add more.

Interview with questions in a fixed order.

Interview in which most questions depend on the respondent's answers.

Interview with no fixed questions and no specific order.

What does subjectivity refer to?

Personal viewpoint, which may be biased by one's feelings, beliefs, or experiences.

Study conducted by watching participants' behavior.

Study in which the observer records only a limited range of behaviors.

Unbiased external viewpoint that is not affected by an individual's feelings, beliefs, or experiences.

Personal viewpoint, which may be biased by one's feelings, beliefs, or experiences.

Study conducted by watching participants' behavior.

Study in which the observer records only a limited range of behaviors.

What is naturalistic observation?

Study conducted by watching participants' behavior in their normal environment without interference.

Study conducted by watching participants' behavior in a manipulated environment.

Study in which the observer records only a limited range of behaviors.

Study in which the observer records the whole range of possible behaviors.

What is controlled observation?

Study conducted by watching participants' behavior in a situation where the environment has been manipulated.

Study conducted by watching participants' behavior in their normal environment without interference.

Study in which the observer records only a limited range of behaviors.

Study in which the observer records the whole range of possible behaviors.

What is unstructured observation?

Study in which the observer records the whole range of possible behaviors, usually confined to a pilot stage.

Study in which the observer records only a limited range of behaviors.

Study conducted by watching participants' behavior in their normal environment without interference.

Study conducted by watching participants' behavior in a manipulated environment.

What is structured observation?

Study in which the observer records only a limited range of behaviors.

Study conducted by watching participants' behavior in their normal environment without interference.

Study in which the observer records the whole range of possible behaviors.

Study conducted by watching participants' behavior in a manipulated environment.

What are behavioral categories?

Activities recorded in an observation, which should be operationalized and break a continuous stream of activity into discrete events.

Study conducted by watching participants' behavior in their normal environment without interference.

Study in which the observer records only a limited range of behaviors.

Study conducted by watching participants' behavior in a manipulated environment.

What is inter-observational reliability?

Consistency between two researchers watching the same event

Researcher who watches from the perspective of being part of the social setting

Role of the observer is obvious to the participants

Relationship between two variables in which an increase in one accompanies an increase in the other

Who is a participant observer?

Researcher who watches from the perspective of being part of the social setting

Researcher who does not become involved in the situation being studied

Role of the observer is obvious to the participants

Consistency between two researchers watching the same event

What is the role of a non-participant observer?

Researcher who does not become involved in the situation being studied

Researcher who watches from the perspective of being part of the social setting

Role of the observer is obvious to the participants

Consistency between two researchers watching the same event

What is the role of an overt observer?

Role of the observer is obvious to the participants

Role of the observer is not obvious to the participants

Researcher who watches from the perspective of being part of the social setting

Consistency between two researchers watching the same event

AICE Psychology Vocab Quiz

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AICE Psychology Vocab Quiz

92 questions

What is numerical data also known as?

Which type of data can only take certain values, such as the number of children in a class or goals scored in a match?

What type of data could take any value between two given values?

What is an investigation looking for a causal relationship in which an IV is manipulated and is expected to be responsible for changes in the DV called?

What is the factor under investigation in an experiment which is manipulated to create two or more conditions or levels called?

What is the factor in an experiment which is measured and is expected to change under the influence of the IV called?

What is the variable that either acts randomly or systematically, affecting the DV in all levels of the IV, and can obscure the effect of the IV called?

What is one or more of the situations in an experiment which represent different levels of the IV and are compared to a control condition called?

What is the level of the IV in an experiment from which the IV is absent, and is compared to one or more experimental conditions called?

What type of experiment looks for a causal relationship and is conducted in a setting that is not the usual environment for the participants?

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