Bio Chapter 4

Whats the importance of Carbon?

• Carbon is vital for life and the environment.
• Carbon is primarily used for energy production.
• Carbon has no role in biological processes.
• Carbon is a rare element in the universe.

Define: Isomer

• Isomer is a compound with different molecular formulas.
• Isomer is a type of chemical reaction.
• Isomer is a compound with the same molecular formula as another but a different arrangement of atoms.
• Isomer is a mixture of two or more substances.

Define: Structural Isomers

• Structural isomers have different molecular formulas but the same structure.
• Structural isomers are identical compounds that can exist in multiple states.
• Structural isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements.
• Structural isomers are compounds that differ only in their physical properties.

Define: Geometric Isomers

• Geometric isomers are molecules that can rotate freely around their bonds.
• Geometric isomers are isomers that differ in the arrangement of atoms in space due to restricted rotation.
• Geometric isomers are a type of chemical reaction.
• Geometric isomers are identical in structure but differ in mass.

Define: Enantiomers

• Molecules that are mirror images of each other, like left and right hands.

• Molecules that have similar characteristics

• Smaller covalent bonds

• Molecules that are the complete oppsite of each other.

Name the major functional groups.

• Aldehyde,hydroxl, amino,methyl

• Ketone, Carbonyl, amino, methyl, phosphate

• Ester
• Hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, sulfhydryl, phosphate, methyl

What is a hydroxl group?

• A hydroxyl group is a -H group consisting of a hydrogen atom bonded to another hydrogen atom.
• A hydroxyl group is a -O group consisting of an oxygen atom bonded to another oxygen atom.
• A hydroxyl group is a -OH group consisting of an oxygen atom bonded to a hydrogen atom.
• A hydroxyl group is a -OH group consisting of a carbon atom bonded to a hydrogen atom.

What is a carbonyl group?

• A carbonyl group is a single bond between carbon and oxygen.
• A carbonyl group consists of two carbon atoms bonded to each other.
• A carbonyl group is a functional group with a carbon atom triple-bonded to an oxygen atom.
• A carbonyl group is a functional group consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom.

What is a carboxyl group?

• A carboxyl group is a type of lipid.
• A carboxyl group is a nitrogen-containing compound.
• A carboxyl group is a functional group with the structure -COOH, consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and single-bonded to a hydroxyl group.
• A carboxyl group is a type of carbohydrate.

What is an amino group?

• An amino group is a functional group with the formula –NH2.
• Amino group refers to a type of lipid.
• An amino group is a functional group with the formula –OH.
• Amino group is a type of carbohydrate.