reading T/F/NG

‘In order to get people interested in habitat restoration, you need to plant a tree that is useful to them,’ says Whaley. So, he has been working with local families to attempt to create a sustainable income from the huarangos by turning their products into foodstuffs. ‘Boil up the beans and you get this thick brown syrup like molasses. You can also use it in drinks, soups or stews.’ The pods can be ground into flour to make cakes, and the seeds roasted into a sweet, chocolatey ‘coffee’. ‘It’s packed full of vitamins and minerals,’ Whaley says."

为了让人们对栖息地恢复感兴趣，你需要种植一棵对他们有用的树。因此，他一直在与当地家庭合作，尝试将华兰古树的产品转化为食品，从而创造可持续的收入。把豆子煮沸，就能得到像糖浆一样的棕色浓浆。你还可以用它来做饮料、汤或炖菜。豆荚可以磨成面粉做蛋糕，豆荚籽可以烘焙成香甜的巧克力'咖啡'。Whaley说："它富含维生素和矿物质。

STATEMENT: Local families have told Whaley about some traditional uses of huarango products.

• true

• false

• not given

And some farmers are already planting huarangos. Alberto Benevides, owner of Ica Valley’s only certified organic farm, which Whaley helped set up, has been planting the tree for 13 years. He produces syrup and flour, and sells these products at an organic farmers’ market in Lima. His farm is relatively small and doesn’t yet provide him with enough to live on, but he hopes this will change. ‘The organic market is growing rapidly in Peru,’ Benevides says. ‘I am investing in the future.’

STATEMENT: Farmer Alberto Benevides is now making a good profit from growing huarangos.

• true

• false

• not given

Statement: Whaley needs the co-operation of farmers to help preserve the area’s wildlife.

But even if Whaley can convince the local people to fall in love with the huarango again, there is still the threat of the larger farms. Some of these cut across the forests and break up the corridors that allow the essential movement of mammals, birds and pollen up and down the narrow forest strip. In the hope of counteracting this, he’s persuading farmers to let him plant forest corridors on their land. He believes the extra woodland will also benefit the farms by reducing their water usage through a lowering of evaporation and providing a refuge for bio-control insects.

不过，即使惠利能够说服当地人重新爱上华兰果，大型农场的威胁依然存在。其中一些农场横穿森林，破坏了哺乳动物、鸟类和花粉在狭窄森林地带上下游走的必要通道。为了解决这个问题，他正在说服农民让他在他们的土地上种植森林走廊。他相信，额外的林地还能通过降低蒸发量减少用水量，并为生物防治昆虫提供庇护所，从而使农场受益。

• true

• false

• not given

‘If we can record biodiversity and see how it all works, then we’re in a good position to move on from there. Desert habitats can reduce down to very little,’ Whaley explains. ‘It’s not like a rainforest that needs to have this huge expanse. 如果我们能记录生物多样性并了解它是如何运作的，那么我们就能在此基础上继续前进。沙漠栖息地可以缩小到非常小的范围，"Whaley 解释说。它不像雨林需要有如此广阔的空间。

statement: For Whaley’s project to succeed, it needs to be extended over a very large area.

• true

• false

• not given

statement: Whaley has plans to go to Africa to set up a similar project.

If we can do it here, in the most fragile system on Earth, then that’s a real message of hope for lots of places, including Africa, where there is drought and they just can’t afford to wait for rain.’

如果我们能在这里，在地球上最脆弱的系统中做到这一点，那么对于包括非洲在内的许多地方来说，这就是一个真正的希望信息，因为那里干旱，他们根本等不起雨水。

• true

• false

• not given

La Gomera is one of the Canary Islands situated in the Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of Africa. This small volcanic island is mountainous, with steep rocky slopes and deep, wooded ravines, rising to 1,487 metres at its highest peak. It is also home to the best known of the world’s whistle ‘languages’, a means of transmitting information over long distances which is perfectly adapted to the extreme terrain of the island.

拉戈梅拉岛是加那利群岛之一，位于非洲西北海岸外的大西洋上。这个火山小岛多山，岩石陡峭，沟壑纵横，林木葱郁，最高峰海拔 1487 米。这里也是世界上最著名的口哨 “语言 ”的发源地，口哨 “语言 ”是一种远距离传递信息的手段，与该岛的极端地形非常适合。

statement: La Gomera is the most mountainous of all the Canary Islands.

• true

• false

• not given

Carreiras explains that silbadores are able to pass a surprising amount of information via their whistles. ‘In daily life they use whistles to communicate short commands, but any Spanish sentence could be whistled.’ Silbo has proved particularly useful when fires have occurred on the island and rapid communication across large areas has been vital.

Carreiras 解释说，silbadores人能够通过口哨传递大量信息。在日常生活中，他们用口哨来传达简短的命令，但任何西班牙语句子都可以用口哨来表达。事实证明，在岛上发生火灾时，西尔博特别有用，在大面积区域内进行快速通信非常重要。

statement: Silbo is only appropriate for short and simple messages.

• true

• false

• not given

Results showed the left temporal lobe 左颞叶 of the brain, which is usually associated with spoken language, was engaged during the processing of Silbo.The researchers found that other key regions in the brain’s frontal lobe also responded to the whistles, including those activated in response to sign language among deaf people. When the experiments were repeated with non-whistlers, however, activation was observed in all areas of the brain.

研究结果表明，通常与口语相关的大脑左颞叶在处理席尔博口哨声时被激活。研究人员发现，大脑额叶的其他关键区域也对口哨声做出了反应，包括那些在聋人手语反应时被激活的区域。然而，当与不吹口哨的人重复实验时，在大脑的所有区域都观察到了激活。

statement: In the brain-activity study, silbadores and non-whistlers produced different results.

• true

• false

• not given

Carreiras says the origins of Silbo Gomero remain obscure, but that indigenous Canary Islanders, who were of North African origin, already had a whistled language when Spain conquered the volcanic islands in the 15th century. Whistled languages survive today in Papua New Guinea, Mexico, Vietnam, Guyana, China, Nepal, Senegal, and a few mountainous pockets in southern Europe.

Carreiras 说，Silbo Gomero 的起源仍然模糊不清，但 15 世纪西班牙征服加那利火山岛时，原籍北非的加那利岛民已经有了一种口哨语言。如今，在巴布亚新几内亚、墨西哥、越南、圭亚那、中国、尼泊尔、塞内加尔和南部的一些山区，口哨语仍在流传。

statement: The Spanish introduced Silbo to the islands in the 15th century.

• true

• false

• not given

l. Since 1999, Silbo Gomero has been taught in all of the island’s elementary schools. In addition, locals are seeking assistance from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).

statement: The children of Gomera now learn Silbo.

• true

• false

• not given